The Role of Spoken Language on Performance of Cognitive Tests: the Indonesian Experience

IF 0.6 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Cognition and Culture Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI:10.1163/15685373-12340187

Aria Saloka Immanuel, Heni Gerda Pesau, Ni Made Swasti Wulanyani, Augustina Sulastri, Gilles van Luijtelaar

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Abstract

Indonesia is a multicultural country with hundreds of local languages used by Indonesians with Bahasa Indonesia as a national language and used by the mass media, in formal conversation, at all levels of education, and in written language. This study aimed to investigate whether speaking Bahasa Indonesia in public and at home or not, and whether speaking only Bahasa or besides Bahasa (another language) affects the performance of seven cognitive tests when the assessment was done in Bahasa Indonesia. In case large effects will be obtained, this may demand different norm referenced scores. Data of 840 subjects, in age ranging from 16–80 with various levels of education from six regions were included. The results showed that there was a small disadvantage in the Digit Span for people who do not speak Bahasa Indonesia in public and a small advantage of speaking besides Bahasa (another language) in public on Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test and on time to complete the Figure Reproduction tests. Other tests, such as the TMT, Stroop, 5PT, and Bourdon were without any effect. It can be concluded that corrections for the normative data, as is commonly done for education, age and sometimes sex, for people who do not speak Bahasa daily and for speaking besides Bahasa (another language) considering that the differences were only small, is not indicated.

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口语对认知测试成绩的影响：印度尼西亚的经验

印度尼西亚是一个多元文化国家，印尼人使用数百种地方语言，印尼语是国语，被大众媒体、正式谈话、各级教育和书面语言所使用。本研究旨在调查在公共场合和在家中是否讲印尼语，以及在用印尼语进行评估时，只讲印尼语或除印尼语（另一种语言）外讲印尼语是否会影响七项认知测试的成绩。如果会产生较大的影响，则可能需要不同的常模参考分数。研究对象包括来自六个地区的 840 名受试者，他们的年龄在 16-80 岁之间，受教育程度各不相同。结果表明，不在公共场合说印尼语的人在数字跨度测试中略有劣势，而在雷氏听觉言语学习测试和完成图形再现测试的时间上，在公共场合说印尼语（另一种语言）的人略有优势。其他测试，如 TMT、Stroop、5PT 和 Bourdon 则没有任何影响。可以得出的结论是，考虑到差异很小，没有必要对常模数据进行校正，通常的做法包括教育程度、年龄，有时还包括性别、日常不讲国语的人以及讲国语以外的语言（另一种语言）的人。

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来源期刊

Journal of Cognition and Culture PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

1.10

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0.00%

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期刊介绍： The Journal of Cognition and Culture provides an interdisciplinary forum for exploring the mental foundations of culture and the cultural foundations of mental life. The primary focus of the journal is on explanations of cultural phenomena in terms of acquisition, representation and transmission involving cognitive capacities without excluding the study of cultural differences. The journal contains articles, commentaries, reports of experiments, and book reviews that emerge out of the inquiries by, and conversations between, scholars in experimental psychology, developmental psychology, social cognition, neuroscience, human evolution, cognitive science of religion, and cognitive anthropology.