Bidirectional Effects and Interconnectivity of Risk and Protective Factors for Integration in Unaccompanied Migrant Children: A Systematic Review

IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Child & Youth Care Forum Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI:10.1007/s10566-024-09823-7
Gloria Fernández-Pacheco Alises, Eduardo Ibañez Ruíz del Portal, Gloria Jólluskin García, Blanca Martín Ríos, Mercedes Torres Jiménez, María Lubomira Kubica
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Abstract

Background

The scientific literature addresses the portrayal of unaccompanied migrant children and young people from different perspectives. Some works suggest that this population face challenges and risks upon arrival, such as problems communicating in a new language, a lack of cultural competence, economic stress, and other contingent, legal, and social problems. Other studies focus on resilience, including coping strategies, effective trauma symptom management, the preservation of a sense of personal pride, a capacity to prevent self-isolation, and societal openness to diversity.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to identify, systematize, and expose these factors through a socio-ecological model.

Methods

The present study has conducted a systematic literature review on unaccompanied foreign minors’ protective and risk factors for integration.

Results

A final sample of 36 papers has been selected according to the inclusion criteria. The published evidence suggests a bidirectional effect of risk and protective factors in their integration into the reception society. Unaccompanied minors are not seen only from the perspective of their vulnerability but also as resilient children in inclusive contexts as a continuum in the integration model.

Conclusions

Addressing the issue of unaccompanied migrant minors from a socio-ecological perspective allows us to analyze the migratory phenomenon not only as a problem to solve but also as an opportunity. When unaccompanied children’s vulnerability and resilience factors are considered together in a holistic approach, the picture of how intervention should be focused on the interconnectivity of risk and protective factors for social integration.

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孤身移民儿童融入社会的风险和保护因素的双向效应和相互关联性:系统回顾
背景科学文献从不同角度对孤身移民儿童和青少年进行了描述。一些研究表明,这一群体在抵达后面临着各种挑战和风险,如用新语言交流的问题、缺乏文化能力、经济压力以及其他突发事件、法律和社会问题。其他研究则侧重于复原力,包括应对策略、有效的创伤症状管理、个人自豪感的保持、防止自我孤立的能力以及社会对多样性的开放性。已发表的证据表明,风险因素和保护因素对他们融入接收社会具有双向影响。结论从社会生态学的角度来探讨无人陪伴的未成年移民问题,可以让我们分析移民现象不仅是一个需要解决的问题,也是一个机遇。如果从整体角度综合考虑孤身儿童的脆弱性和复原力因素,那么干预工作的重点就应放在风险因素和保护因素的相互关联性上,以促进社会融合。
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来源期刊
Child & Youth Care Forum
Child & Youth Care Forum PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL-
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
5.60%
发文量
54
期刊介绍: Child & Youth Care Forum is a peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary publication that welcomes submissions – original empirical research papers and theoretical reviews as well as invited commentaries – on children, youth, and families. Contributions to Child & Youth Care Forum are submitted by researchers, practitioners, and clinicians across the interrelated disciplines of child psychology, early childhood, education, medical anthropology, pediatrics, pediatric psychology, psychiatry, public policy, school/educational psychology, social work, and sociology as well as government agencies and corporate and nonprofit organizations that seek to advance current knowledge and practice. Child & Youth Care Forum publishes scientifically rigorous, empirical papers and theoretical reviews that have implications for child and adolescent mental health, psychosocial development, assessment, interventions, and services broadly defined. For example, papers may address issues of child and adolescent typical and/or atypical development through effective youth care assessment and intervention practices. In addition, papers may address strategies for helping youth overcome difficulties (e.g., mental health problems) or overcome adversity (e.g., traumatic stress, community violence) as well as all children actualize their potential (e.g., positive psychology goals). Assessment papers that advance knowledge as well as methodological papers with implications for child and youth research and care are also encouraged.
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