Theoretical and Experimental Modeling of Geodynamiс Processes in the Slopes of Uplifts

IF 1 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Geotectonics Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI:10.1134/s0016852124700110
A. A. Kirdyashkin
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Abstract

The flow structure created in a viscous medium at a constant angle of inclination of the free surface of an slope of the uplift is analyzed. The velocity field in a high-viscosity slope of the uplift under conditions of a horizontal pressure gradient is determined. This pressure gradient occurs when the slope height decreases with distance from the main ridge. Under a constant dynamic viscosity of the slope of the uplift, the flow velocity in the latter decreases with a distance from the axis of the main ridge. In this case, the slope of the uplift is under conditions of compressive stresses, a consequence of which is development of thrusts and compression folds. Tensile stresses in the slope of the uplift may exist with an increase in the flow velocity in the layer with distance from the axis of the main ridge. The flow velocity increases with decreasing viscosity of the layer with distance from the main ridge. The viscosity distribution at the base of the slope of the uplift with distance from the axis of the main ridge is determined using the tensile condition in the slope of the uplift. Expressions are presented for the forces causing formation of a rupture between blocks of the slope of the uplift. The magnitudes of these forces are estimated. A relation representing the condition for the formation of a disruption between the blocks is obtained. The formation of ruptures is governed by the change in viscosity along the slope of the uplift and the change in the flow velocity in it. When a rupture between the slope of the uplift forms, free vertical boundaries of the blocks appear. The motion of a high-viscosity liquid during the formation of a free vertical boundary of the block has been studied experimentally when the liquid flows from a rectangular vessel. The experiments have revealed two outflow regimes: (i) a regime of constant thickness of the liquid layer; (ii) a regime of decreasing layer thickness. Based on experimental modeling, the time of the first period after formation of the slope rupture and formation of the free volume between blocks is estimated. During this period the height of the layer (slope) is practically constant and the layer length increases. The filling of the free volume between blocks with high-viscosity slope material is considered. As the modeling shows, the filling rate of the free volume between the divergent blocks of the slope of the uplift is much higher than the formation rate of the free volume between these blocks. The parameters of the blocks of the slope of the uplift are determined. Among these parameters are the block viscosity, slope height, flow velocity, and forces acting on the blocks. The time-varying structure of the surface of the slope of the uplift is presented. There is a qualitative correspondence between the modeling results and the profile of the slope of the uplift for the Northwestern Caucasus.

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上升斜坡的地球动力学过程的理论和实验建模
摘要 分析了粘性介质在隆起斜面自由表面恒定倾角处产生的流动结构。确定了水平压力梯度条件下高粘度隆起斜坡中的速度场。当斜坡高度随与主脊的距离减小而减小时,就会产生这种压力梯度。在隆起斜坡的动态粘度不变的情况下,隆起斜坡中的流速会随着与主脊轴线距离的增加而减小。在这种情况下,隆起斜坡处于压缩应力条件下,其结果是推力和压缩褶皱的发展。在隆起斜坡上可能存在拉应力,随着与主脊轴线距离的增加,该层的流速也会增加。随着与主脊距离的增加,岩层粘度降低,流速也随之增加。利用隆起斜坡的拉伸条件,确定了隆起斜坡底部的粘度分布与主脊轴线的距离。给出了导致隆起斜坡块体之间形成断裂的力的表达式。对这些力的大小进行了估算。得出了代表岩块之间断裂形成条件的关系式。断裂的形成受沿隆起斜坡的粘度变化和其中流速变化的制约。当隆起斜坡之间形成断裂时,就会出现块体的自由垂直边界。我们通过实验研究了高粘度液体从矩形容器中流出时,在形成块体自由垂直边界时的运动情况。实验发现了两种流出状态:(i) 液体层厚度不变的状态;(ii) 液体层厚度减小的状态。根据实验建模,估算了斜坡断裂形成和块体间自由体积形成后第一阶段的时间。在此期间,层(斜坡)高度基本不变,层长度增加。考虑了用高粘度斜坡材料填充块体间自由体积的问题。建模结果表明,隆起斜坡发散块体之间自由体积的填充率远远高于这些块体之间自由体积的形成率。确定了隆起斜坡区块的参数。这些参数包括岩块粘度、斜坡高度、流速和作用在岩块上的力。介绍了隆起斜坡表面的时变结构。建模结果与西北高加索地区的隆起斜坡剖面之间存在定性对应关系。
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来源期刊
Geotectonics
Geotectonics 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
9.10%
发文量
28
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Geotectonics publishes articles on general and regional tectonics, structural geology, geodynamics, and experimental tectonics and considers the relation of tectonics to the deep structure of the earth, magmatism, metamorphism, and mineral resources.
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