Upper Pleistocene in Mallorca: Sedimentary variability of littoral units in relation to different structural contexts

Abstract

This comprehensive study explores the Upper Pleistocene geological history of Mallorca, employing a multidisciplinary approach that integrates previous findings with new insights. The research spans various coastal regions, focusing on four distinct study areas characterized by different geomorphological and structural contexts. The first structural context, exemplified by Port des Canonge, showcases a fold and thrust sedimentary succession, resulting in prominent cliffs with Jurassic and Triassic formations. The second context, observed in Caloscamps, features smoother reliefs and notable terrestrial sediment input. Meanwhile, the third context, represented by Punta de s’Avançada and Punta de n’Amer, exhibits cliffs carved on Upper Miocene tabular units devoid of terrestrial sediment input. The main objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the geological and sedimentological characteristics of the Upper Pleistocene units across the Mallorca coastal regions by investigating different study areas located along the west, north-west, north-east, and east coasts, in distinct geomorphological and geological contexts using sedimentological methodologies: stratigraphic analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, microscopic techniques, and assessment of sediment color. Additionally, Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating techniques are employed, providing a precise temporal framework spanning Marine Isotope Stage 6 (MIS 6) to Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3). The findings reveal the complex interplay of environmental factors, climatic variations, and geological evolution across Mallorca. Colluvial deposits and paleosols reflect climatic shifts. Alluvial fans and aeolianites highlight periods of intense sediment transport and deposition linked to climate fluctuations. Finally, to provide a comprehensive overview of the outcrops present on the island, a stratigraphic correlation of the mentioned areas was conducted. In conclusion, the study enhances our comprehension of the regional coastal dynamics, geological composition, and environmental history, providing invaluable contributions to the broader understanding of Pleistocene deposits.