Gastrointestinal nematodes in German outdoor-reared pigs based on faecal egg count and next-generation sequencing nemabiome data

IF 3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Porcine Health Management Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI:10.1186/s40813-024-00384-8
Hannah R. M. Fischer, Jürgen Krücken, Stefan Fiedler, Veronica Duckwitz, Hendrik Nienhoff, Stephan Steuber, Ricarda Daher, Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna
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Abstract

There is a higher risk for nematode infections associated with outdoor-reared pigs. Next to Ascaris suum, Oesophagostomum dentatum and Trichuris suis, there is the potential of infections with other nodular worm species, Hyostrongylus rubidus, Stongyloides ransomi and Metastrongylus spp. lungworms. Next-generation sequencing methods describing the nemabiome have not yet been established for porcine nematodes. FLOTAC was used for faecal egg counts of porcine gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworms in piglets, fatteners and adults individually. A nemabiome analyses based on ITS-2 gene region metabarcoding was used to differentiate strongyle species. Additionally, questionnaire data was analysed using mixed-effect regression to identify potential risk factors associated with parasite occurrences and egg shedding intensity. On 15 of 17 farms nematode eggs were detected. Ascaris suum, strongyles and T. suis were detected on 82%, 70% and 35% of the 17 farms, respectively. Lungworms were detected on one out of four farms with access to pasture. Strongyloides ransomi was not detected. 32% (CI 28–36%), 27% (24–31%), 5% (4–7%) and 3% (0.9–8%) of the samples where tested positive for strongyles, A. suum, T. suis and lungworms, respectively. The nemabiome analysis revealed three different strongyle species, with O. dentatum being the most common (mean 93.9%), followed by O. quadrispinulatum (5.9%) and the hookworm Globocephalus urosubulatus (0.1%). The bivariate and multivariate risk factor analyses showed among others that cleaning once a week compared to twice a week increased the odds significantly for being infected with A. suum (OR 78.60) and strongyles (2077.59). Access to pasture was associated with higher odds for A. suum (43.83) and strongyles (14.21). Compared to shallow litter systems, deep litter and free range systems resulted in significant higher odds for strongyles (85.74, 215.59, respectively) and T. suis (200.33, 623.08). Infections with A. suum, O. dentatum, O. quadrispinulatum, T. suis, Metastrongylus spp. and G. urosubulatus are present in German outdoor-reared pigs. This is the first report of G. urosubulatus in domestic pigs in Europe. Metabarcoding based on the ITS-2 region is a suitable tool to analyse the porcine nemabiome. Furthermore, management practices have the potential of reducing the risk of parasite infections.
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基于粪便虫卵计数和下一代测序线虫组数据的德国户外饲养猪胃肠道线虫研究
户外饲养的猪感染线虫的风险较高。除了蛔虫、齿线虫和猪毛滴虫外,还有可能感染其他结节虫种类,如鲁比杜父虫(Hyostrongylus rubidus)、疟原虫(Stongyloides ransomi)和肺线虫(Metastrongylus spp.)。描述猪线虫组的下一代测序方法尚未建立。使用 FLOTAC 对仔猪、育肥猪和成年猪的猪胃肠道线虫和肺线虫进行粪卵计数。利用基于 ITS-2 基因区代谢编码的线虫组分析来区分强蛲虫的种类。此外,还利用混合效应回归法分析了调查问卷数据,以确定与寄生虫发生率和虫卵脱落强度相关的潜在风险因素。17 个农场中有 15 个检测到线虫卵。在 17 个猪场中,分别有 82%、70% 和 35%的猪场检测到蛔虫、强线虫和猪肺吸虫。在有牧草的四个农场中,有一个农场检测到肺线虫。未检测到大肠弓形虫。分别有 32%(CI 28-36%)、27%(24-31%)、5%(4-7%)和 3%(0.9-8%)的样本对强直球虫、猪甲线虫、猪肺线虫和肺线虫检测呈阳性。线虫组分析显示有三种不同的强疟原虫,其中以O. dentatum最为常见(平均93.9%),其次是O. quadrispinulatum(5.9%)和钩虫Globocephalus urosubulatus(0.1%)。双变量和多变量风险因素分析表明,与每周两次相比,每周清洁一次会显著增加感染吸虫(OR 78.60)和强线虫(2077.59)的几率。使用牧草与更高的猪弧菌(43.83)和强虫(14.21)感染几率相关。与浅窝饲养法相比,深窝饲养法和自由放养法感染猪链球菌(分别为 85.74 和 215.59)和猪丹毒(分别为 200.33 和 623.08)的几率要高得多。德国户外饲养的猪中存在猪链球菌、齿状链球菌、四联链球菌、猪圆线脲原体、甲线脲原体属和猪圆线脲原体感染。这是欧洲首次报道家猪中的 G. urosubulatus。基于 ITS-2 区域的元条码是分析猪线虫群的合适工具。此外,管理方法也有可能降低寄生虫感染的风险。
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来源期刊
Porcine Health Management
Porcine Health Management Veterinary-Food Animals
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
5.90%
发文量
49
审稿时长
14 weeks
期刊介绍: Porcine Health Management (PHM) is an open access peer-reviewed journal that aims to publish relevant, novel and revised information regarding all aspects of swine health medicine and production.
期刊最新文献
Early behavioral indicators of aberrant feces in newly-weaned piglets. Exploring the role of riboflavin in swine well-being: a literature review. Development and evaluation of a standardised sampling protocol to determine the effect of cleaning in the pig sty. Linear epitopes of PRRSV-1 envelope proteins ectodomains are not correlated with broad neutralization. Case-control study on associations of hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in swine with feed characteristics and intestinal pathogens.
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