Phase entanglement negativity for bipartite fermionic systems

Abstract

We discuss the behavior of positive linear maps in fermionic systems and then propose the phase partial transpose and the phase entanglement negativity. We show that every fermionic state which mixes local fermion-number parity must have nonvanishing nontrivial phase entanglement negativity, which gives an affirmative answer to a conjecture proposed by Shapourian and Ryu [Phys. Rev. A 99, 022310 (2019)]. In addition, we prove that the phase entanglement negativity is an entanglement monotone and establish some equalities and inequalities related to the phase entanglement negativity which, particularly, provide some upper bounds and lower bounds of the fermionic entanglement negativity. A more detailed discussion of the $(1+M)$-mode case is also presented, and our results generalize some known findings.