Berry curvature and shift vector effects at high-order wave mixing in biased bilayer graphene

Abstract

In this work, we present a microscopic quantum theory that elucidates the nonlinear-nonperturbative optical response of biased bilayer graphene subjected to a bichromatic strong laser fields. This response is analyzed using a four-band Hamiltonian derived from ab-initio calculations. For the laser-stimulated dynamics, we employ structure gauge-invariant evolutionary equations to accurately describe the evolution of the single-particle density matrix across the entire Brillouin zone. The resonant generation of electron-hole pairs by the high-frequency component of the field, combined with the induction of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) and high-order wave mixing (HWM) by the strong low-frequency field component, leads to significant alterations in the HWM and HHG spectra. These changes are driven by the effects of Berry curvature and the shift vector, which modify the relative contributions of interband and intraband channels, thereby fundamentally reshaping the radiation spectra at high-order frequency multiplication.