Low-cost immunosensing approach for Chagas disease: exploiting modified pencil graphite electrodes with polymer films

IF 2.6 4区 化学 Q3 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI:10.1007/s10008-024-06069-0
Andressa de Oliveira Almeida, Rafael Mendes Coelho, Ângelo Rafael Machado, Helen Rodrigues Martins, Arnaldo César Pereira, Fred Luciano Neves Santos, Paola Alejandra Fiorani Celedon, Lucas Franco Ferreira
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Abstract

Chagas disease (CD) is an endemic disease in America that affects impoverished communities. It is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted by triatomine insects known as kissing bugs. Considering the treatment effectiveness, early detection of the disease is crucial to control its impact on public health. In this study, we developed a low-cost immunosensor in which pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) were functionalized by electropolymerization of monomers 2-aminobenzamide (2AB), 4-aminobenzoic acid (4ABA), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4HBA), 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4HPA), and 4-aminophenylacetic acid (4APA). Electrochemical and morphological studies confirmed the successful modification of PGEs for all investigated compounds. The bioreceptor IBMP 8.1, a recombinant antigen, was immobilized on each functionalized platform. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy identified poly(4HPA) as the most effective material for functionalizing PGEs and consequently recognizing the anti-T. cruzi antibodies, leading to their selection for subsequent optimization of the transducer. The use of silver nanoparticles to improve sensitivity was also investigated. The conditions for immobilizing the antigen, blocking the protein, and the dilution and response time of the device were optimized. Cross-reactivity studies with other diseases have demonstrated the high specificity of immunosensors. Reproducibility and repeatability tests showed relative standard deviation values of 7.3% (± 2.4) and 5.6% (± 1.8), respectively, for the 20 sensors. Furthermore, the stability over a three-month period (n = 20) showed a 32% decrease in response at 25 °C and a 12% decrease at 4 °C. These results indicated the potential of PGE/poly(4HPA) for rapid and accurate CD detection.

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针对南美锥虫病的低成本免疫传感方法:利用聚合物薄膜改性铅笔石墨电极
南美锥虫病(CD)是美国的一种地方病,主要影响贫困社区。它由原生动物克鲁斯锥虫引起,由被称为 "接吻虫 "的三蝽传播。考虑到治疗效果,早期发现该疾病对于控制其对公共健康的影响至关重要。在这项研究中,我们开发了一种低成本免疫传感器,通过电聚合单体 2-氨基苯甲酰胺 (2AB)、4-氨基苯甲酸 (4ABA)、4-羟基苯甲酸 (4HBA)、4-羟基苯乙酸 (4HPA) 和 4-氨基苯乙酸 (4APA),对铅笔石墨电极 (PGE) 进行功能化。电化学和形态学研究证实,所有研究化合物都成功地对 PGEs 进行了改性。生物受体 IBMP 8.1(一种重组抗原)被固定在每个功能化平台上。电化学阻抗光谱确定聚(4HPA)是功能化 PGEs 的最有效材料,因此能识别抗 T. cruzi 抗体,从而被选中用于随后的换能器优化。此外,还研究了使用银纳米粒子提高灵敏度的问题。对固定抗原、阻断蛋白质的条件以及装置的稀释度和响应时间进行了优化。与其他疾病的交叉反应研究证明了免疫传感器的高特异性。再现性和重复性测试显示,20 个传感器的相对标准偏差值分别为 7.3%(± 2.4)和 5.6%(± 1.8)。此外,三个月期间的稳定性(n = 20)显示,在 25 °C时响应降低了32%,在4 °C时降低了12%。这些结果表明 PGE/poly(4HPA) 具有快速准确检测 CD 的潜力。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
4.00%
发文量
227
审稿时长
4.1 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry is devoted to all aspects of solid-state chemistry and solid-state physics in electrochemistry. The Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry publishes papers on all aspects of electrochemistry of solid compounds, including experimental and theoretical, basic and applied work. It equally publishes papers on the thermodynamics and kinetics of electrochemical reactions if at least one actively participating phase is solid. Also of interest are articles on the transport of ions and electrons in solids whenever these processes are relevant to electrochemical reactions and on the use of solid-state electrochemical reactions in the analysis of solids and their surfaces. The journal covers solid-state electrochemistry and focusses on the following fields: mechanisms of solid-state electrochemical reactions, semiconductor electrochemistry, electrochemical batteries, accumulators and fuel cells, electrochemical mineral leaching, galvanic metal plating, electrochemical potential memory devices, solid-state electrochemical sensors, ion and electron transport in solid materials and polymers, electrocatalysis, photoelectrochemistry, corrosion of solid materials, solid-state electroanalysis, electrochemical machining of materials, electrochromism and electrochromic devices, new electrochemical solid-state synthesis. The Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry makes the professional in research and industry aware of this swift progress and its importance for future developments and success in the above-mentioned fields.
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