Cryolite as a Reference Mineral of Rare Metal Mineralization: An Experimental Study

IF 0.7 4区地球科学 Q4 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Geochemistry International Pub Date : 2024-08-17 DOI:10.1134/s0016702924700332

A. A. Rusak, T. I. Shchekina, N. G. Zinovieva, A. Y. Bychkov, O. A. Lukanin

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Abstract

Phase relations and the distributions of rare earth elements (REE), Sc, Y, and Li between aluminofluoride and aluminosilicate melts in the model granite system Si–Al–Na–K–Li–F–O–H were experimentally studied at 700°C, 1 and 2 kbar, and water contents of 3 to 50 wt %. Our original and available literature experimental data on phase relations in the granite system saturated with water and fluorine and containing trace elements are compared with the mineral assemblages of rare-metal cryolite-bearing granites from the Zashikhinsky, Katugin, and Ulug-Tanzek deposits in eastern Siberia. Liquid immiscibility between granite and salt aluminofluoride melts, which occurs at high contents of fluorine and lithium in the system, is proved to facilitate the accumulation of rare elements in salt cryolite-like melts. At a temperature of 700°C and pressures of 1 and 2 kbar, aluminofluoride melt in the granite system crystallizes and forms cryolite. Fluorine-bearing minerals of trace and rare earth elements, such as pyrochlore and gagarinite, occur at these deposits in association with cryolite and lithium micas. Comparison of experimental data and natural observations provides arguments in support of the hypothesis that liquid immiscibility should play an important role in the formation of cryolite. Cryolite is thought to be able to serve as a reference mineral for rare metal-rare earth mineralization in granites with high lithium and fluorine content.

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作为稀有金属成矿参考矿物的冰晶石：实验研究

摘要在 700°C、1 和 2 千巴、水含量为 3 至 50 wt % 的条件下，对模型花岗岩体系 Si-Al-Na-K-Li-F-O-H 中氟化铝和硅酸铝熔体之间的相关系以及稀土元素 (REE)、Sc、Y 和 Li 的分布进行了实验研究。我们关于含水和氟饱和且含微量元素的花岗岩体系中相关系的原始和现有文献实验数据，与西伯利亚东部 Zashikhinsky、Katugin 和 Ulug-Tanzek 矿床中含稀有金属冰晶石花岗岩的矿物组合进行了比较。花岗岩和盐类氟化铝熔体之间的液态不溶性（在体系中氟和锂含量较高时出现）被证明有利于稀有元素在盐类冰晶石熔体中的积累。在温度为 700 摄氏度、压力为 1 千巴和 2 千巴时，花岗岩体系中的氟化铝熔体会结晶并形成冰晶石。在这些矿床中，微量元素和稀土元素的含氟矿物，如烧绿石和榴辉石，与冰晶石和锂云母伴生。实验数据与自然观察结果的比较为冰晶石形成过程中液体不溶性起重要作用的假设提供了论据支持。冰晶石被认为可以作为锂和氟含量高的花岗岩中稀有金属稀土矿化的参考矿物。

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来源期刊

Geochemistry International 地学-地球化学与地球物理

CiteScore

1.60

自引率

12.50%

发文量

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Geochemistry International is a peer reviewed journal that publishes articles on cosmochemistry; geochemistry of magmatic, metamorphic, hydrothermal, and sedimentary processes; isotope geochemistry; organic geochemistry; applied geochemistry; and chemistry of the environment. Geochemistry International provides readers with a unique opportunity to refine their understanding of the geology of the vast territory of the Eurasian continent. The journal welcomes manuscripts from all countries in the English or Russian language.