The interaction between equity-based compensation and debt in managerial risk choices

IF 0.7 4区 经济学 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Review of Derivatives Research Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI:10.1007/s11147-024-09205-0
Carlos Miguel Glória, José Carlos Dias, João Pedro Ruas, João Pedro Vidal Nunes
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Abstract

This paper examines the risk incentives of traditional and non-traditional call options in the context of a levered firm where managers under-invest due to risk aversion. Our results contrast with those presented in the literature inasmuch as lookback calls do not always induce higher risk taking than regular calls, and managers always prefer a combination of regular calls and shares of stock in their compensation package as opposed to only company shares. We also show that Asian options outperform both plain-vanilla and other nonstandard options in inducing higher risk taking and, thereby, are a superior remedy for alleviating the agency costs of deviating from the optimal volatility level. Finally, we shed new insights that better clarify the incorrect arguments found in the literature regarding the delta of regular and lookback calls.

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股权薪酬与债务在管理者风险选择中的相互作用
本文研究了在杠杆公司背景下传统和非传统看涨期权的风险激励,在杠杆公司中,经理们由于规避风险而投资不足。我们的研究结果与文献中的结果形成了鲜明对比,因为回溯看涨期权并不总是比普通看涨期权诱发更高的风险承担,而且经理人总是倾向于在其报酬方案中将普通看涨期权和股票相结合,而不是只选择公司股票。我们还表明,亚洲期权在诱导更高风险承担方面优于普通期权和其他非标准期权,因此,亚洲期权是减轻偏离最优波动率水平所带来的代理成本的最佳选择。最后,我们提出了新的见解,更好地澄清了文献中关于常规看涨期权和回溯看涨期权 delta 的错误论点。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
8
期刊介绍: The proliferation of derivative assets during the past two decades is unprecedented. With this growth in derivatives comes the need for financial institutions, institutional investors, and corporations to use sophisticated quantitative techniques to take full advantage of the spectrum of these new financial instruments. Academic research has significantly contributed to our understanding of derivative assets and markets. The growth of derivative asset markets has been accompanied by a commensurate growth in the volume of scientific research. The Review of Derivatives Research provides an international forum for researchers involved in the general areas of derivative assets. The Review publishes high-quality articles dealing with the pricing and hedging of derivative assets on any underlying asset (commodity, interest rate, currency, equity, real estate, traded or non-traded, etc.). Specific topics include but are not limited to: econometric analyses of derivative markets (efficiency, anomalies, performance, etc.) analysis of swap markets market microstructure and volatility issues regulatory and taxation issues credit risk new areas of applications such as corporate finance (capital budgeting, debt innovations), international trade (tariffs and quotas), banking and insurance (embedded options, asset-liability management) risk-sharing issues and the design of optimal derivative securities risk management, management and control valuation and analysis of the options embedded in capital projects valuation and hedging of exotic options new areas for further development (i.e. natural resources, environmental economics. The Review has a double-blind refereeing process. In contrast to the delays in the decision making and publication processes of many current journals, the Review will provide authors with an initial decision within nine weeks of receipt of the manuscript and a goal of publication within six months after acceptance. Finally, a section of the journal is available for rapid publication on `hot'' issues in the market, small technical pieces, and timely essays related to pending legislation and policy. Officially cited as: Rev Deriv Res
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