A review of advanced heteroatom-doped graphene and its derivatives materials for photocatalytic applications

Abstract

The demand for energy generation and environmental remediation has inspired the design of green photocatalysis. Owing to their high surface area, superior charge mobility, and high chemical durability, graphene and its derivatives have been widely exploited to develop remarkable photocatalysts for diverse applications. Heteroatom doping can equip these materials with enhanced physiochemical, optical, and electrical characteristics. Considering the recent advances in experimental and theoretical research, we have critically reviewed and discussed heteroatom-doped graphene- and its derivatives-based photocatalysts, including basic properties, synthetic methods, single-doped, and co-doped graphene and its derivatives in the application of photocatalysis. In particular, we addressed the unique characteristics originating from different heteroatomdopants, varied dopingamounts and combinations, and mutual impacts from co-dopants to improve the conception of heteroatom-doped graphene and its derivativesmaterials. The reaction pathwaysbehind their favorable utilization for photocatalysis are discussed topromote advanced applications. The current review offers a reference for the design and photocatalytic applications of novel heteroatom-doped graphene and its derivatives materials.