{"title":"On the variability of convective available potential energy in the Mediterranean Region for the 83-year period 1940–2022; signals of climate emergency","authors":"Christos J. Lolis","doi":"10.1007/s00704-024-05183-3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Some aspects of the variability of Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) in the Mediterranean region are examined for the 83-year period 1940–2022 with the use of the daily ERA5 database. The mean monthly patterns, the linear trends of monthly time series and the inter-annual variations of the frequency of extreme CAPE cases are studied, while a classification of spatially extended extreme CAPE events is performed with the combined use of Factor Analysis and k-means Cluster Analysis. According to the results, the spatial distribution of CAPE presents a remarkable seasonal variability due to the strong seasonality of other relevant climatic variables. Also, there is a statistically significant increase of the mean monthly CAPE in most parts of the Mediterranean region in all seasons except spring. This increase appears also in the frequency of extreme cases and in the frequency of the summer spatially extended extreme events. The above positive trends are in line with other signals of the ongoing climate change in the Mediterranean region.</p>","PeriodicalId":22945,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Climatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Theoretical and Applied Climatology","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-024-05183-3","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Some aspects of the variability of Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) in the Mediterranean region are examined for the 83-year period 1940–2022 with the use of the daily ERA5 database. The mean monthly patterns, the linear trends of monthly time series and the inter-annual variations of the frequency of extreme CAPE cases are studied, while a classification of spatially extended extreme CAPE events is performed with the combined use of Factor Analysis and k-means Cluster Analysis. According to the results, the spatial distribution of CAPE presents a remarkable seasonal variability due to the strong seasonality of other relevant climatic variables. Also, there is a statistically significant increase of the mean monthly CAPE in most parts of the Mediterranean region in all seasons except spring. This increase appears also in the frequency of extreme cases and in the frequency of the summer spatially extended extreme events. The above positive trends are in line with other signals of the ongoing climate change in the Mediterranean region.
期刊介绍:
Theoretical and Applied Climatology covers the following topics:
- climate modeling, climatic changes and climate forecasting, micro- to mesoclimate, applied meteorology as in agro- and forestmeteorology, biometeorology, building meteorology and atmospheric radiation problems as they relate to the biosphere
- effects of anthropogenic and natural aerosols or gaseous trace constituents
- hardware and software elements of meteorological measurements, including techniques of remote sensing