On the length scale and rate-dependent mechanical behavior of monolithic (oxy)sulfidic glassy solid-state electrolytes

Abstract

In the controlled atmosphere of a dedicated glove box, nanoindentation performed with a diamond Berkovich indenter tip has been used to examine the mechanical behavior of three (oxy)sulfide solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), 70Li₂S·(30−x)P₂S₅·xP₂O₅ (x = 0, 2, and 5). At a drive frequency of 120 Hz, the elastic modulus is found to be predominantly depth independent over the range of 100 nm to 1 μm and generally insensitive to the varying mol fraction of oxygen (0, 2, and 5%) as well as the imposed strain rates of 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 1/s. All three SSEs exhibit significant room-temperature creep. Strain burst activity observed during loading (potentially representative of pore collapse or cracking) is attenuated with the addition of oxygen. The hardness is found to be insensitive to the imposed strain rates but varying with depth and oxygen content. The highest oxygen concentration yields the lowest hardness and strongest depth dependence.

Graphical abstract

Nanoindentation of monolithic (oxy)sulfide glass solid-state electrolytes in an inert environment yields rate and depth dependent behavior.