Saseendran Shalu, Panam Kunnel Raveendranathan Karthikanath, Vinoth Kumar Vaidyanathan, Lars M. Blank, Andrea Germer, Palanisamy Athiyaman Balakumaran
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Abstract
Squalene is a natural triterpenoid and a biosynthetic precursor of steroids and hopanoids in microorganisms, plants, humans, and other animals. Squalene has exceptional properties, such as its antioxidant activity, a high penetrability of the skin, and the ability to trigger the immune system, promoting its application in the cosmetic, sustenance, and pharmaceutical industries. Because sharks are the primary source of squalene, there is a need to identify low-cost, environment friendly, and sustainable alternatives for producing squalene commercially. This shift has prompted scientists to apply biotechnological advances to research microorganisms for synthesizing squalene. This review summarizes recent metabolic and bioprocess engineering strategies in various microorganisms for the biotechnological production of this valuable molecule.
期刊介绍：
Engineering in Life Sciences (ELS) focuses on engineering principles and innovations in life sciences and biotechnology. Life sciences and biotechnology covered in ELS encompass the use of biomolecules (e.g. proteins/enzymes), cells (microbial, plant and mammalian origins) and biomaterials for biosynthesis, biotransformation, cell-based treatment and bio-based solutions in industrial and pharmaceutical biotechnologies as well as in biomedicine. ELS especially aims to promote interdisciplinary collaborations among biologists, biotechnologists and engineers for quantitative understanding and holistic engineering (design-built-test) of biological parts and processes in the different application areas.
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