{"title":"Discovering Novel Bioherbicides: The Impact of Hemp-derived Phytocannabinoid Applications on Zea mays L. and Relevant Weeds","authors":"Michael Merkle, Roland Gerhards","doi":"10.1007/s10343-024-01011-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>In addition to competition, phytotoxic plant metabolites contribute to the weed-suppressing properties of cover crops, which could be the basis for the development of novel bioherbicides. We investigated the impact of five <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. -derived neutral phytocannabinoids and an aqueous <i>C. sativa</i> tissue extract (HE) at six concentrations on the germination rate (GR) and seedling root length (RL) of <i>Zea mays</i> L., two monocotyledonous and two dicotyledonous weed species in laboratory Petri dish bioassays. Additionally, the effect of pre-emergence applications of HE, cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabidivarin (CBDV) formulations on GR and shoot dry matter (SDM) were examined in greenhouse pot studies. The effects of phytocannabinoids and HE were analyzed in dose-response curves. For the highest rates, the effects on GR, RL and SDM were calculated by ANOVA and HSD test (<i>p</i> < 0.05). HE exhibited the greatest suppression on GR and RL for all plant species in the Petri dish bioassay, with R<sub>GR, RL</sub> exceeding −90%. Phytocannabinoids reduced mainly RL of all plants and decreased the GR of most weed species. Effects varied among plants and phytocannabinoids, with CBDV and CBD showing similar high inhibitory effects on RL as HE in the Petri dish bioassay. All pre-emergence applications resulted in a positive R<sub>GR</sub> across all studied plants and in a positive R<sub>SDM</sub> in <i>Z. mays</i> and <i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i> (L.) P. Beauv, whereas in the other weed species the R<sub>SDM</sub> was negative. In conclusion, phytocannabinoids play a major role in weed suppression of HEs. CBDV and CBD are the most promising candidates for bioherbicide development especially against annual dicotyledonous weed species.</p>","PeriodicalId":12580,"journal":{"name":"Gesunde Pflanzen","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Gesunde Pflanzen","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-024-01011-w","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRONOMY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
In addition to competition, phytotoxic plant metabolites contribute to the weed-suppressing properties of cover crops, which could be the basis for the development of novel bioherbicides. We investigated the impact of five Cannabis sativa L. -derived neutral phytocannabinoids and an aqueous C. sativa tissue extract (HE) at six concentrations on the germination rate (GR) and seedling root length (RL) of Zea mays L., two monocotyledonous and two dicotyledonous weed species in laboratory Petri dish bioassays. Additionally, the effect of pre-emergence applications of HE, cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabidivarin (CBDV) formulations on GR and shoot dry matter (SDM) were examined in greenhouse pot studies. The effects of phytocannabinoids and HE were analyzed in dose-response curves. For the highest rates, the effects on GR, RL and SDM were calculated by ANOVA and HSD test (p < 0.05). HE exhibited the greatest suppression on GR and RL for all plant species in the Petri dish bioassay, with RGR, RL exceeding −90%. Phytocannabinoids reduced mainly RL of all plants and decreased the GR of most weed species. Effects varied among plants and phytocannabinoids, with CBDV and CBD showing similar high inhibitory effects on RL as HE in the Petri dish bioassay. All pre-emergence applications resulted in a positive RGR across all studied plants and in a positive RSDM in Z. mays and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv, whereas in the other weed species the RSDM was negative. In conclusion, phytocannabinoids play a major role in weed suppression of HEs. CBDV and CBD are the most promising candidates for bioherbicide development especially against annual dicotyledonous weed species.
期刊介绍：
Gesunde Pflanzen publiziert praxisbezogene Beiträge zum Pflanzenschutz in Landwirtschaft, Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau und öffentlichem Grün und seinen Bezügen zum Umwelt- und Verbraucherschutz sowie zu Rechtsfragen.
Das Themenspektrum reicht von der Bestimmung der Schadorganismen über Maßnahmen und Verfahren zur Minderung des Befallsrisikos bis hin zur Entwicklung und Anwendung nicht-chemischer und chemischer Bekämpfungsstrategien und -verfahren, aber auch zu Fragen der Auswirkungen des Pflanzenschutzes auf die Umwelt, die Sicherung der Ernährung sowie zu allgemeinen Fragen wie Nutzen und Risiken und zur Entwicklung neuer Technologien.
Jedes Heft enthält Originalbeiträge renommierter Wissenschaftler, aktuelle Informationen von Verbänden sowie aus der Industrie, Pressemitteilungen und Personalia.
Damit bietet die Zeitschrift vor allem Behörden und Anwendern im Agrarsektor und Verbraucherschutz fundierte Praxisunterstützung auf wissenschaftlichem Niveau.
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