Persistent post-flood hillslope activity posing a potential landslide dam hazard in the Ahr valley, Germany

IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Sciences Europe Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI:10.1186/s12302-024-00985-8
Till Wenzel, Rainer Bell, Michael Dietze, Lothar Schrott
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Abstract

Background

Extreme floods are known to severely reorganise inhabited landscapes by inundation, clogging, scouring and damaging infrastructure and lives. However, their post-event impacts are poorly understood, especially concerning coupled hillslope channel feedbacks such as the reactivation of slope instabilities connected to the river and that may be able to block it upon sudden failure. The July 2021 Ahr valley flood exemplified this ability of concurrent and sustained landscape reorganisation. Here, we study a retrogressive slope instability near the town of Müsch, in the upper Ahr valley using field mapping, repeat airborne laser scanning, electrical resistivity tomography and passive seismic monitoring to reveal the failure geometry, its mechanisms and transient activity.

Results

The old landslide developed in lower Devonian rocks. It is 100 m wide, 200 m long and approximately 15–20 m deep, which leads to a total volume of about 430,000 m3. This landslide was severely undercut by the 2021 flood with 7000 m3 of material eroded at the landslide toe. The landslide has started to react. Given the narrow section of the river at this location, there is a potential landslide dam hazard. We modelled the inundation volumes and back fill times for different failure scenarios, ranging between 20,000 m3 and 330,000 m3 accumulating within 5 min and 20 h.

Conclusions

Our results imply a need to systematically screen flood impacted landscapes for sustained post-event hillslope activity that governs hillslope-channel coupling, driving both persistent sediment injection into the stream and sudden river blocking and subsequent damming.

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德国阿赫河谷洪水后山坡的持续活动构成潜在的滑坡坝危险
背景众所周知,特大洪水会淹没、堵塞、冲刷并破坏基础设施和生命,从而严重破坏居住区的景观。然而,人们对洪水过后的影响却知之甚少,尤其是山坡河道的耦合反馈作用,如与河流相连的斜坡不稳定性的重新激活,可能会在突然溃决时阻断河流。2021 年 7 月的阿赫河谷洪水就体现了这种并发和持续的地貌重组能力。在此,我们利用实地测绘、重复机载激光扫描、电阻率层析成像和被动地震监测技术,对阿赫尔河谷上游穆什镇附近的逆行斜坡不稳定性进行了研究,以揭示崩塌的几何形状、机理和瞬态活动。它宽 100 米,长 200 米,深约 15-20 米,总体积约为 43 万立方米。该滑坡在 2021 年的洪水中被严重冲毁,滑坡脚处有 7000 立方米的物质被侵蚀。滑坡已开始发生反应。由于该处河段狭窄,存在潜在的滑坡坝危险。我们模拟了不同溃决情况下的淹没量和回填时间,在 5 分钟和 20 小时内累积的淹没量和回填时间介于 20,000 立方米和 330,000 立方米之间。结论我们的研究结果表明,有必要对受洪水影响的地貌进行系统筛选,以确定洪水过后山坡的持续活动,这种活动会影响山坡与河道的耦合,导致泥沙持续注入河道,以及河道突然阻塞并随后筑坝。
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来源期刊
Environmental Sciences Europe
Environmental Sciences Europe Environmental Science-Pollution
CiteScore
11.20
自引率
1.70%
发文量
110
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: ESEU is an international journal, focusing primarily on Europe, with a broad scope covering all aspects of environmental sciences, including the main topic regulation. ESEU will discuss the entanglement between environmental sciences and regulation because, in recent years, there have been misunderstandings and even disagreement between stakeholders in these two areas. ESEU will help to improve the comprehension of issues between environmental sciences and regulation. ESEU will be an outlet from the German-speaking (DACH) countries to Europe and an inlet from Europe to the DACH countries regarding environmental sciences and regulation. Moreover, ESEU will facilitate the exchange of ideas and interaction between Europe and the DACH countries regarding environmental regulatory issues. Although Europe is at the center of ESEU, the journal will not exclude the rest of the world, because regulatory issues pertaining to environmental sciences can be fully seen only from a global perspective.
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