Tillage and cover crops effects on crop yield in wheat double-cropping systems

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Agronomy Journal Pub Date : 2024-08-25 DOI:10.1002/agj2.21666

Peters E. Egbedi, L. M. Fultz, Josh Copes, Syam Dodla, Rasel Parvej, Melanie Netterville

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Abstract

The United States is experiencing longer crop growing season in most states, which could afford producers the opportunity to diversify into double-cropping (DC) and cover crop systems rather than the predominant summer and winter fallow systems. Thus, this study evaluated DC and cover crops effects on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and soybean (Glycine max) yield under conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT). Summer cover crops (SCCs) were sunn hemp (Crotolaria juncea L.) and sorghum sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor), while winter cover crops (WCCs) were Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum) and wheat. Cropping systems were wheat-fallow (W-F), wheat-cotton (W-C), wheat-soybean (W-S), W-SCC, WCC-C, F-C, WCC-S, and F-S. Tillage effect on crop yields varied across years. In 2021, wheat yield in CT of W-C, W-F, and W-SCC (2831, 2689, and 2646 kg ha⁻¹) significantly differed from NT of W-S (1720 kg ha⁻¹). No significant tillage effect was observed on cotton lint yield between W-C and WCC-C. For soybean, in 2020, the CT of W-S and WCC-S significantly outyielded the NT of W-S and WCC-S. Cropping system effect on wheat yield between W-S and W-SCC (1419 and 1987 kg ha⁻¹) was significant in 2020 due to low stand counts in W-SCC arising from the thick SCC biomass. Cotton lint yield in WCC-C outyielded W-C in all 3 years but was not significant. Soybean grain yield in W-S was consistently higher than in WCC-S, though not significant. Cotton lint and soybean grain yield in the fallow systems were the least. Overall, in a short term, crop yield in DC and cover crop systems were similar.

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小麦双茬种植系统中耕作和覆盖作物对作物产量的影响

美国大多数州的作物生长期都较长，这为生产者提供了多样化的机会，使他们可以采用双季作物（DC）和覆盖作物系统，而不是主要的夏季和冬季休耕系统。因此，本研究评估了在传统耕作（CT）和免耕（NT）条件下，双季作物和覆盖作物对小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）、棉花（Gossypium hirsutum L.）和大豆（Glycine max）产量的影响。夏季覆盖作物为苘麻（Crotolaria juncea L.）和高粱草（Sorghum bicolor），冬季覆盖作物为奥地利冬豌豆（Pisum sativum）和小麦。种植系统为小麦-沼泽（W-F）、小麦-棉花（W-C）、小麦-大豆（W-S）、W-SCC、WCC-C、F-C、WCC-S 和 F-S。不同年份耕作对作物产量的影响各不相同。2021 年，W-C、W-F 和 W-SCC 的 CT 小麦产量（2831、2689 和 2646 千克/公顷-1）与 W-S 的 NT 小麦产量（1720 千克/公顷-1）差异显著。W-C 和 WCC-C 对棉花皮棉产量没有明显的耕作影响。2020 年，W-S 和 WCC-S 的 CT 产量明显高于 W-S 和 WCC-S 的 NT 产量。2020 年，W-S 和 W-SCC 之间的种植制度对小麦产量（1419 和 1987 千克/公顷-1）的影响是显著的，原因是 W-SCC 的立地数较低，这是因为 SCC 生物质较厚。WCC-C 棉花皮棉产量在所有 3 年中均超过 W-C，但不显著。W-S 的大豆籽粒产量一直高于 WCC-S，但不显著。休耕系统的棉花皮棉和大豆籽粒产量最低。总体而言，短期内直流和覆盖作物系统的作物产量相似。

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来源期刊

Agronomy Journal 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

9.50%

发文量

265

审稿时长

4.8 months

期刊介绍： After critical review and approval by the editorial board, AJ publishes articles reporting research findings in soil–plant relationships; crop science; soil science; biometry; crop, soil, pasture, and range management; crop, forage, and pasture production and utilization; turfgrass; agroclimatology; agronomic models; integrated pest management; integrated agricultural systems; and various aspects of entomology, weed science, animal science, plant pathology, and agricultural economics as applied to production agriculture. Notes are published about apparatus, observations, and experimental techniques. Observations usually are limited to studies and reports of unrepeatable phenomena or other unique circumstances. Review and interpretation papers are also published, subject to standard review. Contributions to the Forum section deal with current agronomic issues and questions in brief, thought-provoking form. Such papers are reviewed by the editor in consultation with the editorial board.