Influence of Band-Edge Frequency Non-Uniformity in Ultra-Large-Area Photonic-Crystal Surface-Emitting Lasers

IF 4.3 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI:10.1109/JSTQE.2024.3452126

Takuya Inoue;Kentaro Maeda;Masahiro Yoshida;John Gelleta;Shumpei Katsuno;Kenji Ishizaki;Menaka De Zoysa;Susumu Noda

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Abstract

Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs), which are based on a two-dimensional (2D) optical resonance at a band edge of a photonic band structure, feature ultra-large-area single-mode lasing oscillation with scalable output power. In this paper, we theoretically investigate the influence of the band-edge frequency non-uniformity in ultra-large-area PCSELs, which can be caused by carrier-induced or temperature-induced refractive-index change during operation. First, we perform a perturbation analysis to derive an analytical condition to maintain single-mode lasing in the presence of the band-edge frequency non-uniformity, and reveal that it is important to increase not only the threshold gain difference but also the frequency difference between the fundamental mode and higher-order modes. Next, we perform numerical simulations on lasing characteristics of 3-mm-diameter PCSELs with non-uniform band-edge frequency distributions, and investigate the robust design against gradually changed frequency distributions or random frequency fluctuations.

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超大面积光子晶体表面发射激光器带边频率不均匀性的影响

光子晶体表面发射激光器（PCSEL）基于光子带结构带边的二维（2D）光学共振，具有输出功率可扩展的超大面积单模激光振荡特性。在本文中，我们从理论上研究了超大面积 PCSEL 中带边频率不均匀性的影响，这种不均匀性可能是由工作过程中载流子或温度引起的折射率变化造成的。首先，我们进行了扰动分析，得出了在带边频率不均匀的情况下保持单模激光的分析条件，并揭示出不仅要增大阈值增益差，还要增大基模与高阶模之间的频率差。接下来，我们对带边频率分布不均匀的 3 毫米直径 PCSEL 的激光特性进行了数值模拟，并研究了针对逐渐变化的频率分布或随机频率波动的稳健设计。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

10.60

自引率

2.00%

发文量

212

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Papers published in the IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics fall within the broad field of science and technology of quantum electronics of a device, subsystem, or system-oriented nature. Each issue is devoted to a specific topic within this broad spectrum. Announcements of the topical areas planned for future issues, along with deadlines for receipt of manuscripts, are published in this Journal and in the IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. Generally, the scope of manuscripts appropriate to this Journal is the same as that for the IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. Manuscripts are published that report original theoretical and/or experimental research results that advance the scientific and technological base of quantum electronics devices, systems, or applications. The Journal is dedicated toward publishing research results that advance the state of the art or add to the understanding of the generation, amplification, modulation, detection, waveguiding, or propagation characteristics of coherent electromagnetic radiation having sub-millimeter and shorter wavelengths. In order to be suitable for publication in this Journal, the content of manuscripts concerned with subject-related research must have a potential impact on advancing the technological base of quantum electronic devices, systems, and/or applications. Potential authors of subject-related research have the responsibility of pointing out this potential impact. System-oriented manuscripts must be concerned with systems that perform a function previously unavailable or that outperform previously established systems that did not use quantum electronic components or concepts. Tutorial and review papers are by invitation only.