Habitat fragmentation strongly restricts gene flow in endangered ectomycorrhizal fungal populations: Evidence from Rhizopogon togasawarius, specific to Pseudotsuga japonica, across the entire distribution range

IF 4.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Molecular Ecology Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI:10.1111/mec.17533
Hiroshi Abe, Lu Gan, Masao Murata, Kazuhide Nara
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Abstract

Habitat fragmentation reduces gene flow, causing genetic differentiation and diversity loss in endangered species through genetic drift and inbreeding. However, the impact of habitat fragmentation on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi remains unexplored, despite their critical roles in forest ecosystems. Here, we investigated the population genetic structure and the demographic history of Rhizopogon togasawarius, the ECM fungus specifically colonizing the host tree Pseudotsuga japonica, across its entire distribution range (>200 km). These two species are designated as endangered species on the IUCN Red List since they are found only in small, fragmented forests in Japan. We analysed 236 R. togasawarius individuals from five remaining populations across the Kii Peninsula and the Shikoku Island, separated by a sea channel. Simple sequence repeat analyses using 20 loci revealed strong genetic differentiation among populations (FST = 0.255), even significant in the nearest population pair separated by a distance of only 8 km (FST = 0.075), indicating extremely limited gene flow between populations. DIYABC-RF analyses implied that population divergence occurred approximately 6000 generations ago between the two regions, and nearly 1500 generations ago between the nearest populations within Shikoku Island, related to past climate events. Because of prolonged genetic isolation, significant inbreeding was confirmed in four of five populations, where effective population sizes became very small (Ne = 9.0–58.0). Although evaluation of extinction risks for microorganisms is challenging, our conservation genetic results indicated that habitat fragmentation increases extinction risk through population genetic mechanisms, and therefore should not be overlooked in biodiversity conservation efforts.

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生境破碎化严重限制了濒危外生菌根真菌种群的基因流动:在整个分布范围内,红豆杉特有的Rhizopogon togasawarius提供的证据
生境破碎化减少了基因流动,导致基因漂移和近亲繁殖,造成濒危物种的基因分化和多样性丧失。然而,尽管外生菌根真菌(ECM)在森林生态系统中发挥着关键作用,但栖息地破碎化对它们的影响仍未得到研究。在这里,我们研究了Rhizopogon togasawarius的种群遗传结构和人口历史。Rhizopogon togasawarius是一种专门定殖宿主树Pseudotsuga japonica的ECM真菌,分布在其整个分布区(>200 km)。这两个物种被列入《世界自然保护联盟红色名录》(IUCN Red List)的濒危物种,因为它们只能在日本的小片森林中找到。我们分析了 236 个 R. togasawarius 个体,它们来自纪伊半岛和四国岛的 5 个残存种群,被一条海道隔开。使用 20 个位点进行的简单序列重复分析表明,种群间存在强烈的遗传分化(FST = 0.255),甚至在距离仅为 8 千米的最近种群对中也存在显著分化(FST = 0.075),这表明种群间的基因流动极为有限。DIYABC-RF分析表明,这两个地区之间的种群分化大约发生在6000代以前,而四国岛内最近的种群之间的分化则发生在近1500代以前,这与过去的气候事件有关。由于长期的遗传隔离,5个种群中有4个被证实存在严重的近亲繁殖,有效种群规模变得非常小(Ne = 9.0-58.0)。尽管评估微生物的灭绝风险具有挑战性,但我们的保护遗传结果表明,生境破碎化通过种群遗传机制增加了灭绝风险,因此在生物多样性保护工作中不容忽视。
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来源期刊
Molecular Ecology
Molecular Ecology 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
8.40
自引率
10.20%
发文量
472
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Molecular Ecology publishes papers that utilize molecular genetic techniques to address consequential questions in ecology, evolution, behaviour and conservation. Studies may employ neutral markers for inference about ecological and evolutionary processes or examine ecologically important genes and their products directly. We discourage papers that are primarily descriptive and are relevant only to the taxon being studied. Papers reporting on molecular marker development, molecular diagnostics, barcoding, or DNA taxonomy, or technical methods should be re-directed to our sister journal, Molecular Ecology Resources. Likewise, papers with a strongly applied focus should be submitted to Evolutionary Applications. Research areas of interest to Molecular Ecology include: * population structure and phylogeography * reproductive strategies * relatedness and kin selection * sex allocation * population genetic theory * analytical methods development * conservation genetics * speciation genetics * microbial biodiversity * evolutionary dynamics of QTLs * ecological interactions * molecular adaptation and environmental genomics * impact of genetically modified organisms
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