Forms of Soil Toxicity in Areas with a High Degree of Long-Term Radionuclide Contamination Identified by a Solid-Phase Biotest with Allium cepa

Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI:10.3103/s0147687424700285

V. V. Stolbova, A. I. Shcheglov, G. I. Agapkina, D. V. Manakov, O. B. Tsvetnova

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Abstract

This article presents the results of measurement of the toxicity of soils with a specific activity of Cs¹³⁷ in the range of 3.3 × 10² to 1.3 × 10⁶ Bq/kg; the flux density of β-particles and dose rate of γ-radiation on the surface of a bulk sample were 5.4–192.7 imp/s/cm² and 0.2–2.7 µSv/h, respectively. The forms of toxicity were detected in a solid-phase biotest with Allium cepa L., which simulated the situation of external irradiation of dividing cells in contact with soil. The toxic effect was assessed relative to the control as mitotoxicity by the decrease in the mitotic index and as genotoxicity based on the induction of chromosomal aberrations, taking into account the contribution of the clastogenic effect. The value of the mitotic index in a series of biotests with contaminated soil decreased to 8.6 ± 1.1–14.6 ± 2.3% compared to the control proliferation level of 14.9 ± 1.2%. At the same time, the frequency of chromosomal aberrations increased from 4.7 ± 0.3 to 18.2 ± 3.3% at a control level of 3.9 ± 0.5%, with an increase to 68% of the proportion of pathologies due to clastogenic effects on chromosomes. A number of significant correlations have been revealed between the values of toxicity indices and indicators of radioactive contamination of soils.

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通过对薤白进行固相生物试验确定长期放射性核素高度污染地区的土壤毒性形式

本文介绍了铯 137 比活度在 3.3 × 102 至 1.3 × 106 Bq/kg 范围内的土壤毒性测量结果；散装样品表面的 β 粒子通量密度和 γ 辐射剂量率分别为 5.4-192.7 imp/s/cm2 和 0.2-2.7 µSv/h。在用薤白进行的固相生物试验中检测了毒性形式，该试验模拟了与土壤接触的分裂细胞受到外部辐照的情况。通过有丝分裂指数的下降，评估了相对于对照组的毒性作用，即有丝分裂毒性；通过诱导染色体畸变，评估了遗传毒性，同时考虑了致畸作用。与对照组 14.9 ± 1.2% 的增殖水平相比，在受污染土壤中进行的一系列生物试验中，有丝分裂指数值降至 8.6 ± 1.1-14.6 ± 2.3%。与此同时，染色体畸变的频率从 4.7 ± 0.3% 增加到 18.2 ± 3.3%（对照水平为 3.9 ± 0.5%），由于染色体上的致染色体畸变效应而导致的病变比例增加到 68%。毒性指数值与土壤放射性污染指标之间存在一些重要的相关性。

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Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin

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