Greenhouse study and interviews indicate glyphosate residue via feed-feces-fertilizer route is a risk for horticultural producers using manure-based fertilizer

IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Sciences Europe Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI:10.1186/s12302-024-00973-y
Traci Birge, Irma Saloniemi, Kari Saikkonen, Marjo Helander
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Abstract

Background

The herbicide glyphosate is the most widely used active ingredient in pesticides globally. Residues have been found in people, livestock, food and animal feed, and in the environment, but little is known about glyphosate residue in manure-based fertilizer. We describe a feed-feces-fertilizer route of glyphosate contamination with negative impacts for horticultural production. This exposure can harm sensitive plants, such as tomato, and pose a risk to effective waste disposal and nutrient cycling along principles of the circular economy.

We review the use and history of glyphosate and present a mixed methods research based on a real-world case from Finland where glyphosate residue in poultry manure fertilizer was suspected of inhibiting commercial organic tomato production. To test the fertilizer, we grew 72 ‘Encore’ variety tomato plants for 14 weeks in a climate-controlled greenhouse according to the practices of the commercial grower. To ascertain awareness and potential contamination mitigation measures, we contacted five fertilizer companies with sales of biogenic fertilizer in Finland, two farming organizations, a feed company, and two government organizations working on nutrient cycling and agricultural circular economy.

Results

The total harvest of tomatoes grown with fertilizer with the higher content of glyphosate residue was 35% smaller and the yield of first-class tomatoes 37% lower than that of the control, with lower glyphosate concentration. Two of the five fertilizer companies identified poultry manure as a source of glyphosate contamination. Companies with awareness of pesticide residues reported interest in establishing parameters for pesticide residues.

Conclusions

The extent of glyphosate contamination of recycled fertilizers is unknown, but this study shows that such contamination occurs with negative impacts on crop production. Lack of testing and regulation to ensure that recycled fertilizers are free from harmful levels of glyphosate or other pesticides creates risks for agricultural producers. The issue is particularly acute for certified organic producers dependent on these products, but also for sustainable transitions away from mineral fertilizers in conventional farming. The example from Finland shows that a model of co-production between fertilizer producers and state regulatory agencies to establish safe limits can benefit both fertilizer producers and their customers.

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温室研究和访谈表明,草甘膦通过饲料-粪便-肥料途径的残留对使用粪肥的园艺生产者来说是一种风险
背景除草剂草甘膦是全球使用最广泛的农药活性成分。在人类、牲畜、食品和动物饲料以及环境中都发现了草甘膦残留,但人们对粪肥中的草甘膦残留知之甚少。我们描述了草甘膦污染的 "饲料-粪便-肥料 "途径,该途径会对园艺生产产生负面影响。我们回顾了草甘膦的使用和历史,并介绍了一项基于芬兰真实案例的混合方法研究,该案例怀疑家禽粪便肥料中的草甘膦残留抑制了商业有机番茄的生产。为了测试这种肥料,我们按照商业种植者的做法,在气候控制的温室中种植了 72 株 "Encore "品种番茄,为期 14 周。为了确定人们的认识和潜在的污染缓解措施,我们联系了在芬兰销售生物源肥料的五家肥料公司、两个农业组织、一家饲料公司和两个致力于养分循环和农业循环经济的政府组织。五家化肥公司中有两家认为家禽粪便是草甘膦的污染源。有农药残留意识的公司表示有兴趣制定农药残留参数。结论目前尚不清楚回收肥料的草甘膦污染程度,但本研究表明,这种污染的发生会对作物生产产生负面影响。缺乏检测和监管来确保再循环肥料不含有害的草甘膦或其他农药,这给农业生产者带来了风险。对于依赖这些产品的认证有机肥生产者来说,这个问题尤为严重,但对于传统农业摆脱矿物肥料的可持续转型来说,这个问题也同样严重。芬兰的例子表明,化肥生产商与国家监管机构共同制定安全限量的模式,对化肥生产商及其客户都有好处。
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来源期刊
Environmental Sciences Europe
Environmental Sciences Europe Environmental Science-Pollution
CiteScore
11.20
自引率
1.70%
发文量
110
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: ESEU is an international journal, focusing primarily on Europe, with a broad scope covering all aspects of environmental sciences, including the main topic regulation. ESEU will discuss the entanglement between environmental sciences and regulation because, in recent years, there have been misunderstandings and even disagreement between stakeholders in these two areas. ESEU will help to improve the comprehension of issues between environmental sciences and regulation. ESEU will be an outlet from the German-speaking (DACH) countries to Europe and an inlet from Europe to the DACH countries regarding environmental sciences and regulation. Moreover, ESEU will facilitate the exchange of ideas and interaction between Europe and the DACH countries regarding environmental regulatory issues. Although Europe is at the center of ESEU, the journal will not exclude the rest of the world, because regulatory issues pertaining to environmental sciences can be fully seen only from a global perspective.
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