Reliability of the Mini-BESTest and Brief-BESTest for assessing patients with incomplete spinal cord injury

Abstract

Study design

Single institution observational study.

Objectives

To investigate the ceiling and floor effects of the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest), and Brief-BESTest, as well as to determine the intra- and inter-rater reliabilities and minimal detectable change (MDC) of the Mini-BESTest and Brief-BESTest in patients with acute and subacute incomplete cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) classified as AIS D.

Setting

Advanced critical care center of our university hospital.

Methods

Twenty patients with incomplete cervical SCI who could stand without assistance were recruited. The floor and ceiling effects were evaluated by plotting histograms from the distribution of scores on the BBS, Mini-BESTest and Brief-BESTest, and calculating skewness. The Mini-BESTest and Brief-BESTest were evaluated and videotaped simultaneously, and intra- and inter-rater reliabilities were assessed. The MDC was also calculated.

Results

The skewness of the BBS was −1.57, and the full score was 35%, indicating a ceiling effect. However, no ceiling or floor effect was observed for the Mini-BESTest and the Brief-BESTest. Intraclass correlation coefficients for intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities were 0.98 and 0.97 for the Mini-BESTest and Brief-BESTest, respectively. Individual item reliability was moderate or better for the Mini-BESTest and excellent or better for the Brief-BESTest. The MDC of total scores ranged 3.14–3.84 and 2.92–3.60 for the Mini-BESTest and Brief-BESTest, respectively.

Conclusions

The Mini-BESTest and Brief-BESTest are reliable assessment tools for patients with acute and subacute incomplete SCI classified as AIS D. Clarified error ranges aid in estimating the treatment effect on balance abilities.