Hydrology, vegetation, and soil properties as key drivers of soil organic carbon in coastal wetlands: A high-resolution study

IF 14 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Science and Ecotechnology Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI:10.1016/j.ese.2024.100482
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Abstract

Coastal wetlands are important blue carbon ecosystems that play a significant role in the global carbon cycle. However, there is insufficient understanding of the variations in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and the mechanisms driving these ecosystems. Here we analyze a comprehensive multi-source dataset of SOC in topsoil (0–20 cm) and subsoil (20–100 cm) across 31 coastal wetlands in China to identify the factors influencing their distribution. Structural equation models (SEMs) reveal that hydrology has the greatest overall effect on SOC in both soil layers, followed by vegetation, soil properties, and climate. Notably, the mechanisms driving SOC density differ between the two layers. In topsoil, vegetation type and productivity directly impact carbon density as primary sources of carbon input, while hydrology, primarily through seawater salinity, exerts the largest indirect influence. Conversely, in subsoil, hydrology has the strongest direct effect on SOC, with seawater salinity also influencing SOC indirectly through soil and vegetation mediation. Soil properties, particularly pH, negatively affect carbon accumulation, while climate influences SOC indirectly via its effects on vegetation and soil, with a diminishing impact at greater depths. Using Random Forest, we generate high-resolution maps (90 m × 90 m) of topsoil and subsoil carbon density (R2 of 0.53 and 0.62, respectively), providing the most detailed spatial distribution of SOC in Chinese coastal wetlands to date. Based on these maps, we estimate that SOC storage to a depth of 1 m in Chinese coastal wetlands totals 74.58 ± 3.85 Tg C, with subsoil carbon storage being 2.5 times greater than that in topsoil. These findings provide important insights into mechanism on driving spatial pattern of blue carbon and effective ways to assess carbon status on a national scale, thus contributing to the advancement of global blue carbon monitoring and management.

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水文、植被和土壤特性是沿海湿地土壤有机碳的主要驱动因素:高分辨率研究
沿海湿地是重要的蓝碳生态系统,在全球碳循环中发挥着重要作用。然而,人们对土壤有机碳(SOC)储量的变化以及这些生态系统的驱动机制还缺乏足够的了解。在此,我们分析了中国 31 个滨海湿地表土(0-20 厘米)和底土(20-100 厘米)中 SOC 的多源综合数据集,以确定影响其分布的因素。结构方程模型(SEM)显示,水文对两层土壤中的 SOC 的总体影响最大,其次是植被、土壤特性和气候。值得注意的是,两层土壤中 SOC 密度的驱动机制有所不同。在表层土壤中,植被类型和生产力作为碳输入的主要来源直接影响碳密度,而水文(主要通过海水盐度)的间接影响最大。相反,在底土中,水文对 SOC 的直接影响最大,海水盐度也会通过土壤和植被间接影响 SOC。土壤特性(尤其是 pH 值)对碳积累有负面影响,而气候则通过对植被和土壤的影响间接影响 SOC,且影响程度越深越小。利用随机森林技术,我们生成了表土和底土碳密度的高分辨率地图(90 米×90 米)(R2 分别为 0.53 和 0.62),提供了迄今为止中国滨海湿地 SOC 最详细的空间分布。根据这些地图,我们估计中国滨海湿地 1 米深处的 SOC 储量为 74.58 ± 3.85 Tg C,其中底土碳储量是表土碳储量的 2.5 倍。这些发现为了解蓝碳空间格局的驱动机制和评估全国范围内碳状况的有效方法提供了重要启示,从而有助于推进全球蓝碳监测和管理。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
20.40
自引率
6.30%
发文量
11
审稿时长
18 days
期刊介绍: Environmental Science & Ecotechnology (ESE) is an international, open-access journal publishing original research in environmental science, engineering, ecotechnology, and related fields. Authors publishing in ESE can immediately, permanently, and freely share their work. They have license options and retain copyright. Published by Elsevier, ESE is co-organized by the Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, and the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, under the supervision of the China Association for Science and Technology.
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