Environmental Science and Ecotechnology最新文献

Hi-C sequencing deciphers phage and plasmid host networks in wastewater biofilms. Hi-C测序破译废水生物膜中的噬菌体和质粒宿主网络。

IF 14.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-03-06 eCollection Date: 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2026.100683

Dou Wang, Xiaoqing Xu, Lei Liu, Chunxiao Wang, Yu Deng, Martin F Polz, Tong Zhang

Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as bacteriophages and plasmids profoundly shape microbial community structure and drive horizontal gene transfer across ecosystems. Wastewater treatment systems, with their high cell densities, steep physicochemical gradients and close cell-to-cell contact, act as hotspots for MGE proliferation and exchange, yet the in situ assembly dynamics and host interaction networks of these elements have remained largely unresolved because conventional methods fail to establish direct MGE-host linkages in complex matrices. Here we show that an integrated framework combining metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaviromics, and Hi-C proximity ligation sequencing enables the efficient elucidation of DNA phage and plasmid assembly dynamics alongside their host interaction networks in biofilms. We reconstructed 17,672 viral operational taxonomic units and 11,454 high-confidence non-redundant plasmids, and established 529 phage-host and 5739 plasmid-host associations that link up to 52 % of phages to 56 % of prokaryotes and 70 % of plasmids to 91 % of prokaryotes, respectively. Hi-C substantially expanded and refined these networks, revealing taxon-specific and multi-host patterns. Host community composition and biofilm architecture emerge as primary drivers of MGE occurrence and abundance along the reactor flow path. Expression of auxiliary metabolic genes, antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors carried by these MGEs demonstrates their active roles in modulating biogeochemical cycles and maintaining ecosystem stability. These findings establish a scalable, cultivation-independent framework for deciphering MGE-host networks in complex microbial ecosystems, and underscore the power of Hi-C sequencing to transform our mechanistic understanding of gene flow, resistome dissemination, and ecological resilience in engineered and natural microbiomes.

噬菌体和质粒等移动遗传元件（MGEs）深刻地塑造了微生物群落结构，并推动了生态系统间的水平基因转移。废水处理系统具有高细胞密度、陡峭的物理化学梯度和紧密的细胞间接触，是MGE增殖和交换的热点，但这些元件的原位组装动力学和宿主相互作用网络在很大程度上仍未得到解决，因为传统方法无法在复杂基质中建立直接的MGE-宿主连接。在这里，我们展示了结合宏基因组学、元转录组学、元病毒组学和Hi-C接近连接测序的集成框架，可以有效地阐明DNA噬菌体和质粒组装动力学及其在生物膜中的宿主相互作用网络。我们重建了17,672个病毒操作分类单位和11,454个高可信度非冗余质粒，并建立了529个噬菌体-宿主和5739个质粒-宿主关联，分别将52%的噬菌体与56%的原核生物和70%的质粒与91%的原核生物连接起来。Hi-C极大地扩展和完善了这些网络，揭示了分类群特异性和多宿主模式。宿主群落组成和生物膜结构是反应器流动路径上MGE发生和丰度的主要驱动因素。这些MGEs所携带的辅助代谢基因、抗生素抗性基因和毒力因子的表达表明它们在调节生物地球化学循环和维持生态系统稳定方面具有积极作用。这些发现为在复杂的微生物生态系统中破译mge宿主网络建立了一个可扩展的、与培养无关的框架，并强调了Hi-C测序在改变我们对工程和天然微生物组中基因流动、抗性组传播和生态弹性的机制理解方面的力量。

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引用次数: 0

Phenolic contaminants generate persistent phenoxyl radicals to accelerate antibiotic degradation 酚类污染物产生持久的苯氧基，加速抗生素的降解

IF 14.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2026.100680

Liping Luo , Shiqing Zhou , Jianfei Zhou , Jingquan Wang , Han Wu , Hongguang Guo

Water pollution by coexisting multiple contaminants presents escalating challenges to environmental remediation and public health protection. In advanced oxidation processes, contaminant interactions are invariably regarded as detrimental, introducing competitive reactions and matrix interferences that diminish treatment efficiency. However, phenolic compounds—a prevalent class of recalcitrant water pollutants—possess latent oxidative capabilities that remain strategically unexploited. Whether their reactivity can be harnessed to accelerate, rather than impede, the removal of priority contaminants remains fundamentally unclear. Here we show that in the permanganate/chlorite (Mn(VII)/ClO₂⁻) system, phenolic compounds undergo a counterintuitive transformation into persistent phenoxyl radicals that enhance sulfamethoxazole degradation by 3.5- to 20-fold. Mechanistic investigations reveal that these radicals exhibit exceptional stability and selectivity, preferentially attacking target pollutants while demonstrating robust resistance to common matrix interferences—properties unattainable with conventional oxidants alone. Quantitative structure-activity relationships provide predictive frameworks for optimizing this contaminant-assisted oxidation strategy across diverse chemical scenarios. This contaminant-mediated oxidation strategy inverts the traditional paradigm of mutual interference, transforming recalcitrant phenolics from obstacles into powerful mediators. The findings open new avenues for self-adaptive remediation of multi-pollutant systems and suggest broader applications in environmental cleanup where contaminant interactions can be strategically exploited.

多种污染物并存的水污染对环境修复和公众健康保护提出了越来越大的挑战。在高级氧化过程中，污染物相互作用总是被认为是有害的，引入竞争反应和基质干扰，降低处理效率。然而，酚类化合物——一种普遍存在的顽固性水污染物——具有潜在的氧化能力，在战略上尚未被开发。它们的反应性是否能被利用来加速而不是阻碍优先污染物的去除，从根本上来说仍然不清楚。研究表明，在高锰酸盐/亚氯酸盐（Mn(VII)/ClO2−）体系中，酚类化合物会发生反直觉的转化，转化为持久的苯氧基自由基，从而使磺胺甲恶唑的降解能力提高3.5至20倍。机理研究表明，这些自由基表现出特殊的稳定性和选择性，优先攻击目标污染物，同时表现出对普通基质干扰的强大抵抗力，这是传统氧化剂单独无法实现的特性。定量的构效关系为在不同的化学场景中优化这种污染物辅助氧化策略提供了预测框架。这种污染物介导的氧化策略颠覆了传统的相互干扰模式，将顽固的酚类物质从障碍转化为强大的介质。研究结果为多污染物系统的自适应修复开辟了新的途径，并建议在环境清理中更广泛地应用污染物相互作用可以战略性地利用。

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引用次数: 0

Host metabolic integration enables superior polystyrene degradation in cockroaches 寄主代谢整合使蟑螂具有优越的聚苯乙烯降解能力

IF 14.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2026.100679

Mei-Xi Li , Yu-Qian Wang , Jia-Yi Wang , Meng-Qi Ding , Shan-Shan Yang , Jie Ding , Wei-Min Wu

Plastic pollution is a global crisis, with polystyrene (PS) among the most recalcitrant polymers owing to its stable aromatic structure and resistance to natural degradation. Although insect larvae such as mealworms and wax moth caterpillars can partially biodegrade PS through gut microbiota, reported rates remain low (0.08–0.24 mg per individual per day). The potential of cockroaches—with more stable gut microbiomes, longer lifespans, and greater biomass—for efficient, scalable plastic bioremediation has remained unexplored. Here we show that Blaptica dubia cockroaches rapidly biodegrade PS microplastics via a tightly integrated host–microbiota enzymatic network. Individuals ingested 6.0 ± 0.2 mg PS daily, achieving 54.9 ± 2.3% mass loss over 42 days and a specific biodegradation rate of 3.3 ± 0.1 mg per cockroach per day. Biodegradation was confirmed by substantial molecular-weight reductions (Mn 46.4%, Mw 25.9%) and isotopic mineralization signatures. PS exposure selectively enriched plastic-degrading taxa and enzymes while strongly upregulating host fatty-acid β-oxidation and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways, enabling the host to directly metabolize microbial cleavage products and reconstruct a complete PS catabolic pathway. These findings reveal that B. dubia can far outperform other insects in plastic biodegradation through evolved metabolic cooperation, expanding the biological repertoire for tackling persistent anthropogenic polymers and offering new insight into insect adaptation to synthetic substrates in the Anthropocene.

塑料污染是一个全球性的危机，聚苯乙烯（PS）由于其稳定的芳香结构和抗自然降解性而成为最顽固的聚合物之一。虽然粉虫和蜡蛾毛虫等昆虫幼虫可以通过肠道微生物群部分生物降解PS，但据报道其降解率仍然很低（每人每天0.08-0.24毫克）。蟑螂具有更稳定的肠道微生物群、更长的寿命和更大的生物量，在高效、可扩展的塑料生物修复方面的潜力仍未得到探索。在这里，我们展示了Blaptica dubia蟑螂通过一个紧密整合的宿主-微生物酶网络快速生物降解PS微塑料。个体每天摄入6.0±0.2 mg PS， 42 d内质量损失54.9±2.3%，特定生物降解率为3.3±0.1 mg /只。通过显著的分子量降低（Mn 46.4%, Mw 25.9%）和同位素矿化特征证实了生物降解。PS暴露选择性地丰富了塑料降解类群和酶，同时强烈上调宿主脂肪酸β氧化和三羧酸循环途径，使宿主能够直接代谢微生物裂解产物，重建完整的PS分解代谢途径。这些发现表明，双歧杆菌通过进化的代谢合作，在塑料生物降解方面远远优于其他昆虫，扩大了处理持久性人为聚合物的生物库，并为人类世昆虫对合成底物的适应提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Rhizosphere accelerates breakdown of large biodegradable microplastics in soil 根际加速土壤中大型可生物降解微塑料的分解

IF 14.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2026.100678

Kailin Gong , Cheng Peng , Xiaoyi Chen , Li Cai , Wei Zhang

The expanding deployment of biodegradable mulch films in global agriculture aims to mitigate persistent plastic pollution, yet the fate of resulting biodegradable microplastics (BMPs) in soil ecosystems remains poorly characterized. Although these materials are engineered for mineralization, their breakdown rates under realistic field conditions vary substantially, and plant roots fundamentally alter soil biogeochemistry through rhizodeposition and microbial recruitment. Whether the biochemically complex rhizosphere environment accelerates or retards BMP degradation, and how degradation byproducts accumulate, represents a critical knowledge gap for assessing the environmental safety of biodegradable agricultural plastics. Here we show that the soybean rhizosphere exhibits size-selective effects on poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) microplastic (PBAT–MP) degradation. Large particles (998.7 ± 74.6 μm) degrade significantly faster than in bulk soil, whereas small particles (145.6 ± 3.1 μm) remain largely protected within soil aggregates over a 70-day growth cycle. Advanced quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis reveals preferential hydrolysis of aliphatic adipate units, resulting in greater accumulation of degradation monomers in the rhizosphere than in bulk soil. Microbial community profiling identifies enrichment of Proteobacteria—particularly Bradyrhizobium and Ramlibacter genera—linked to PBAT hydrolysis and metabolite utilization, alongside increased microbial biomass and altered soil carbon pools. These findings challenge the prevailing assumption that biodegradable mulches degrade uniformly and benignly under agricultural conditions. Rhizosphere-relevant assessment criteria are essential for evaluating the true environmental safety of biodegradable plastics in agricultural systems, with broader implications for sustainable soil management and plastic pollution mitigation strategies worldwide.

生物可降解地膜在全球农业中的广泛应用旨在减轻持续的塑料污染，但由此产生的生物可降解微塑料（BMPs）在土壤生态系统中的命运仍然缺乏特征。虽然这些材料是为矿化而设计的，但它们在实际野外条件下的分解率差异很大，植物根系通过根沉积和微生物补充从根本上改变了土壤的生物地球化学。生物化学复杂的根际环境是否加速或阻碍BMP的降解，以及降解副产物如何积累，是评估可生物降解农用塑料环境安全性的关键知识缺口。本研究表明，大豆根际对聚己二酸丁烯-对苯二甲酸酯（PBAT-MP）微塑料（PBAT-MP）降解表现出尺寸选择效应。大颗粒（998.7±74.6 μm）的降解速度明显快于普通土壤，而小颗粒（145.6±3.1 μm）在70天的生长周期内基本上被保护在土壤团聚体中。先进的定量质子核磁共振分析揭示了脂肪族己二酸单位的优先水解，导致根际中降解单体的积累比散装土壤中更多。微生物群落分析发现，变形菌的富集——尤其是慢生根瘤菌和拉姆利杆菌属——与PBAT水解和代谢物利用有关，同时微生物生物量增加，土壤碳库改变。这些发现挑战了生物可降解地膜在农业条件下均匀和良性降解的普遍假设。与根际相关的评估标准对于评价农业系统中可生物降解塑料的真正环境安全性至关重要，对全球可持续土壤管理和塑料污染缓解战略具有更广泛的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Morphological adaptations of cavefish support enhanced hydrodynamic perception for underwater environmental monitoring 洞穴鱼的形态适应支持增强水下环境监测的水动力感知。

IF 14.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2026.100677

Qi Yang , Qirui Liu , Yuling Wei , Chubin Weng , Li Ma , He Tian , Fang Zhang , Kenneth A. Rose , William R. Jeffery , Mengzhen Xu

Many of Earth's most biodiverse and biogeochemically active aquatic ecosystems—including groundwater karst systems, turbid estuaries and the deep ocean—are perpetually dark and hydraulically complex, making long-term, high-resolution monitoring technologically challenging. Conventional optical and acoustic sensors suffer rapid signal attenuation and high energy demand in these conditions. Cavefishes of the genus Sinocyclocheilus, which inhabit lightless subterranean waters, have evolved distinctive cranial morphologies—a duckbilled head, dorsal horn and hump—hypothesized to enhance hydrodynamic perception. Here we show, by combining vital staining of neuromasts with validated computational fluid dynamics simulations across a morphological series of Sinocyclocheilus species, that these structures dramatically amplify differential pressure signals (by up to 429.8%) and near-wall velocity gradients (by up to 69.2%) while extending perceptual range. Regions of maximal hydrodynamic variation predicted by the models closely match the observed distribution of canal and superficial neuromasts, revealing a clear biomimetic design principle: sensors should be positioned where flow-field gradients are strongest. These findings establish a quantitative, evolution-guided framework for optimizing artificial lateral line (ALL) sensor arrays, enabling autonomous underwater vehicles to perform energy-efficient, high-fidelity monitoring in some of the planet's most sensitive and data-scarce aquatic environments.

地球上许多最具生物多样性和生物地球化学活性的水生生态系统——包括地下水喀斯特系统、浑浊河口和深海——永远是黑暗的，水力复杂，这使得长期、高分辨率的监测技术具有挑战性。在这些条件下，传统的光学和声学传感器信号衰减快，能量需求高。洞穴鱼属（Sinocyclocheilus）生活在黑暗的水下，它们进化出了独特的头骨形态——鸭嘴、背角和驼背——据推测，这是为了增强对水动力的感知。在这里，我们通过将神经鞘的生命染色与经过验证的计算流体动力学模拟相结合，展示了这些结构在扩展感知范围的同时显着放大了压差信号（高达429.8%）和近壁速度梯度（高达69.2%）。模型预测的最大水动力变化区域与观察到的椎管和浅表神经鞘分布密切匹配，揭示了一个明确的仿生设计原则：传感器应放置在流场梯度最强的地方。这些发现为优化人工侧线（ALL）传感器阵列建立了一个定量的、进化导向的框架，使自主水下航行器能够在地球上一些最敏感和数据稀缺的水生环境中执行节能、高保真的监测。

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引用次数: 0

Plant-level carbon accounting of China's pulp and paper industry via multimodal fusion 通过多模态融合对中国纸浆和造纸工业的工厂级碳核算

IF 14.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2026.100682

Song Hu , Huaqing Qi , Zifei Wang , Xiaoyu Wu , Yulin Han , Yi Man

Plant-scale industrial carbon accounting is critical for developing targeted emission-reduction policies. However, most assessments of carbon-intensive sectors rely on aggregate statistics, which obscure significant heterogeneity among individual plants. China's pulp and paper industry (PPI), the largest globally, encompasses diverse production processes, raw material inputs, and emission sources. Existing accounting frameworks rely on statistical data and average emission factors within poorly defined system boundaries, which prevents differentiation at the individual plant level. Here, we propose a multimodal data fusion framework that integrates high-resolution remote-sensing imagery with plant textual data to capture structural and operational characteristics undetectable by any single data modality. Applied to 720 pulping and papermaking plants across China, the framework achieves R² values of up to 0.96 across five plant types and estimates total sectoral carbon emissions at 163.6 million tonnes of CO₂ in 2022, with pronounced regional disparities concentrated in eastern coastal provinces. Analysis of functional-zone contributions further reveals that wastewater treatment areas are a consistent cross-category emission driver, and that just 5% of high-emission plants account for approximately 43% of sectoral emissions—a skewed structure that demands differentiated regulatory intervention. Incorporating regional solar radiation data, rooftop photovoltaic deployment is projected to reduce annual PPI emissions by up to 10.3%, with primary-fiber pulp plants offering the greatest mitigation leverage. Beyond China's PPI, this scalable, data-driven approach provides a transferable blueprint for granular, plant-level carbon accounting in other heterogeneous heavy industries.

工厂规模的工业碳核算对于制定有针对性的减排政策至关重要。然而，大多数对碳密集型行业的评估依赖于总体统计数据，这掩盖了单个工厂之间的显著异质性。中国是全球最大的纸浆和造纸工业（PPI），其生产过程、原料投入和排放源多种多样。现有的核算框架依赖于统计数据和定义不明确的系统边界内的平均排放因子，这阻碍了单个工厂层面的区分。在此，我们提出了一个多模式数据融合框架，该框架将高分辨率遥感图像与植物文本数据相结合，以捕获任何单一数据模式无法检测到的结构和操作特征。该框架应用于中国720家制浆和造纸厂，在五种工厂类型中，R2值高达0.96，并估计到2022年，该行业的二氧化碳总排放量为1.636亿吨，地区差异明显，主要集中在东部沿海省份。对功能区贡献的分析进一步表明，废水处理区域是跨类别排放的一致驱动因素，仅5%的高排放工厂就占了行业排放的约43%——这种倾斜的结构需要差异化的监管干预。结合区域太阳辐射数据，屋顶光伏部署预计将减少每年高达10.3%的PPI排放，其中初级纤维纸浆厂提供了最大的减排效果。除了中国的生产者价格指数，这种可扩展的、数据驱动的方法为其他异质重工业的颗粒级、工厂级碳核算提供了可转移的蓝图。

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引用次数: 0

Extracellular vesicles drive stress-induced antibiotic resistance spread in soil 细胞外囊泡驱动应力诱导的抗生素耐药性在土壤中传播

IF 14.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2026.100681

Yi-Fei Qin , Wan-Rong Zhang , Lu Wang , Yi-Fei Wang , Da Lin , Tian-Gui Cai , Hong-Zhe Li , Qian-Sheng Huang , Matthias C. Rillig , Dong Zhu

Antimicrobial resistance threatens millions of lives annually, yet its acceleration by non-antibiotic pollutants remains poorly understood. Artificial sweeteners, now ubiquitous in soils and waters, are known individually to promote conjugative transfer of resistance genes, but real environments contain complex mixtures whose collective impact is unknown. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by stressed bacteria serve as protected, long-range vectors for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), yet whether sweetener diversity modulates this pathway has never been tested. Here we show that increasing artificial-sweetener diversity dramatically enriches ARGs, virulence factors and mobile genetic elements inside soil-derived Evs, driving compositional shifts in 30.5% of EV-associated genera while leaving the bulk microbiome largely undisturbed. EVs originate from a small, fast-growing Pseudomonadota subset that upregulates vesicle-biogenesis genes in response to oxidative and membrane stress; these vesicles selectively package chromosomal resistance traits and transfer phenotypic resistance to recipient Escherichia coli. This stress-induced decoupling reveals EVs as rapid, hidden mediators of resistome mobilization that community-level surveys miss. By demonstrating that pollutant diversity itself drives resistance dissemination through nanoscale vectors, our findings establish EVs as a critical new indicator within the One Health framework and call for revised environmental risk models that account for chemical complexity rather than single-compound exposures.

抗菌素耐药性每年威胁着数百万人的生命，但人们对非抗生素污染物加速耐药性的认识仍然很少。人工甜味剂现在在土壤和水中无处不在，已知单独促进抗性基因的共轭转移，但实际环境中包含复杂的混合物，其集体影响尚不清楚。应激细菌释放的细胞外囊泡（EVs）作为抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）的受保护的远程载体，但甜味剂多样性是否调节了这一途径尚未得到测试。本研究表明，人工甜味剂多样性的增加极大地丰富了土壤源性电动汽车内的ARGs、毒力因子和可移动遗传因子，导致30.5%的电动汽车相关属的组成发生变化，而大部分微生物组基本不受干扰。电动汽车起源于一个小的、快速生长的假单胞菌亚群，该亚群在氧化和膜应激下上调囊泡生物发生基因；这些囊泡选择性地包装染色体抗性性状，并将表型抗性转移给受体大肠杆菌。通过证明污染物多样性本身通过纳米尺度载体驱动抗性传播，我们的研究结果将电动汽车确立为“同一个健康”框架内的一个关键新指标，并呼吁修订环境风险模型，考虑化学复杂性，而不是单一化合物暴露。•人工甜味剂混合物促进抗生素耐药性在土壤中传播。•抗性基因在细胞外囊泡中富集，而不是在散装土壤中富集。•甜味剂激活关键应答微生物中的EV生物发生基因。•耐药细菌增加，相互作用更多，增加了电动汽车的抗生素耐药性。

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引用次数: 0

Nanoplastics amplify 6PPD ocular toxicity in zebrafish 纳米塑料增强斑马鱼的6PPD眼毒性

IF 14.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2026.100657

Jian Lin , Dongliang Pan , Xingxing Chen , Minyan Xu , Yangfan Zhu , Yi Zheng , Yang Song , Jiangfei Chen

Nanoplastics and tire-derived chemicals are ubiquitous co-pollutants in aquatic environments, originating from road runoff and posing potential risks to vertebrate development through enhanced bioavailability and synergistic toxicity. Polystyrene nanoplastics (PS) can adsorb hydrophobic organics like the antioxidant N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), acting as vectors that increase tissue accumulation and exacerbate oxidative stress, while 6PPD alone disrupts mitochondrial function and induces sublethal effects in exposed organisms. The vertebrate eye, with its direct environmental exposure and sensitive neural structures, is particularly vulnerable, yet the combined impact of PS and 6PPD on visual morphogenesis remains underexplored. Here we show that co-exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of PS (1 mg L⁻¹) and 6PPD (0.1–0.8 mg L⁻¹) markedly potentiates ocular toxicity compared to individual exposures, manifesting as myopia-like malformations, increased cell death, and impaired phototaxis. We integrated phenotypic, histological, and multi-omics analyses using zebrafish embryos as a model. Our results show PS-enhanced bioaccumulation of 6PPD in ocular tissues, leading to severe lens and retinal damage, aberrant vascularization, disrupted myelination, and dysregulated pathways including serine proteolysis, retinoic acid metabolism, and ferroptosis-linked oxidative stress. These findings demonstrate nanoplastic-chemical interactions as an emerging threat to aquatic visual function, with implications for survival behaviors and broader ecosystem health under pervasive pollution.

纳米塑料和轮胎衍生化学品是水生环境中普遍存在的共污染物，源于道路径流，并通过增强生物利用度和协同毒性对脊椎动物发育构成潜在风险。聚苯乙烯纳米塑料（PS）可以吸附疏水有机物，如抗氧化剂N-（1,3-二甲基丁基）-N'-苯基-对苯二胺（6PPD），作为增加组织积累和加剧氧化应激的载体，而6PPD单独破坏线粒体功能，并在暴露的生物体中诱发亚致死效应。脊椎动物的眼睛，由于其直接的环境暴露和敏感的神经结构，特别容易受到伤害，但PS和6PPD对视觉形态发生的联合影响仍未得到充分的研究。本研究表明，与单独暴露相比，暴露于环境相关浓度的PS （1mg L−1）和6PPD （0.1-0.8 mg L−1）可显著增强眼毒性，表现为近视样畸形、细胞死亡增加和趋光性受损。我们以斑马鱼胚胎为模型，进行了表型、组织学和多组学分析。我们的研究结果表明，ps增强了6PPD在眼组织中的生物积累，导致严重的晶状体和视网膜损伤，血管形成异常，髓鞘形成中断，丝氨酸蛋白水解，视黄酸代谢和铁中毒相关氧化应激等途径失调。这些发现表明，纳米塑料-化学相互作用是对水生生物视觉功能的新威胁，对普遍污染下的生存行为和更广泛的生态系统健康具有影响。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial spillovers and nonlinear drivers of water-supply carbon emissions in China 中国供水碳排放的空间溢出效应与非线性驱动因素

IF 14.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2026.100665

Long Jiang , Zongzhi Wang , Yong Jiang , Kun Wang , Liang Cheng

Water supply systems are critical components of urban infrastructure and significant contributors to global carbon emissions. These systems face an emerging challenge in balancing the increasing demands of water security with international climate mitigation goals. To combat water scarcity, many regions have transitioned toward energy-intensive water sources such as inter-basin water transfer and desalination, which significantly increase electricity-dependent indirect emissions. Concurrently, the global shift toward clean energy in electricity generation has provided a crucial mechanism for mitigating these emissions. However, the complex interactions among shifting water-source mixes, energy transitions, and socioeconomic drivers remain poorly understood, often obscuring the effectiveness of decarbonization strategies. Existing quantification frameworks frequently overlook the spatial spillover effects of economic development and the risk that new water security strategies will offset decarbonization gains. Here we show that China's carbon emissions from water-supply processes rose to 228 Mt CO₂ yr⁻¹ by 2022, despite initial declines driven by clean energy expansion. Using a three-stage quantification–decomposition–attribution framework, we find that while economic development generally suppresses emission in neighboring regions via technology diffusion, it exhibits a national U-shaped relationship with carbon output. Crucially, central China displays an inverted U-shaped pattern, suggesting a localized risk of high-carbon lock-in as industries and water demands shift. These findings reveal a critical paradox in the water–energy–carbon nexus where water security measures may inadvertently undermine climate targets. Our results advocate for integrated regional governance and differentiated policy interventions to safeguard both water and climate stability in rapidly developing regions.

供水系统是城市基础设施的重要组成部分，也是全球碳排放的重要贡献者。这些系统在平衡日益增长的水安全需求和国际减缓气候变化目标方面面临着新的挑战。为了解决水资源短缺问题，许多地区已经转向能源密集型水源，如跨流域调水和海水淡化，这大大增加了依赖电力的间接排放。与此同时，全球向清洁能源发电的转变为减少这些排放提供了一个关键机制。然而，不断变化的水源组合、能源转换和社会经济驱动因素之间复杂的相互作用仍然知之甚少，这往往使脱碳战略的有效性模糊不清。现有的量化框架往往忽视了经济发展的空间溢出效应，以及新的水安全战略将抵消脱碳收益的风险。本文表明，尽管在清洁能源扩张的推动下，中国供水过程的碳排放量最初有所下降，但到2022年，中国的碳排放量上升至2.28亿吨二氧化碳年- 1。采用三阶段量化-分解-归因框架，我们发现经济发展总体上通过技术扩散抑制了周边地区的碳排放，但与碳排放量呈全国u型关系。至关重要的是，中国中部呈现倒u型模式，表明随着工业和水需求的变化，高碳锁定的局部风险。这些发现揭示了水-能源-碳关系中的一个关键悖论，即水安全措施可能在不经意间破坏气候目标。我们的研究结果主张在快速发展地区进行综合区域治理和差别化政策干预，以保障水和气候的稳定。

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引用次数: 0

Scaled decentralization for sustainable wastewater treatment in high-density cities 高密度城市可持续污水处理的规模化分散化

IF 14.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2026.100664

Aliya Abulimiti , Boxuan Wang , Xiuheng Wang , Nanqi Ren

Sustainable urban wastewater management requires systems that effectively remove pollutants while enabling resource recovery and diminishing environmental impacts. In high-density cities, conventional centralized treatment plants often entail long conveyance distances, high pumping energy, and substantial methane emissions from widespread communal septic tanks, compounded by stringent effluent standards. Scaled decentralized systems (SDSs)—distributed facilities integrated into existing sewer networks—offer potential advantages through reduced transport and localized recovery, yet their performance across scales, technologies, and recovery strategies remains poorly quantified. Here we show that SDSs featuring 20,000 m³ d⁻¹ moving-bed biofilm reactor plants with combined water reuse and additional heat-pump energy recovery achieve the lowest life-cycle environmental impacts and costs. We applied whole-system life-cycle assessment and cost analysis of 29 scenarios treating 100,000 m³ d⁻¹ of wastewater in a city in China. These configurations reduce global warming potential by up to 52.5 % relative to an optimized centralized benchmark, owing to shorter sewers that preserve influent carbon for biological denitrification, elimination of external carbon dosing, and efficient dual recovery; upstream septic tanks, however, contribute 24–47 % of total warming potential, highlighting a key trade-off. These findings demonstrate that carefully scaled decentralization, paired with robust biofilm technology and integrated recovery, provides a superior pathway for sustainable wastewater infrastructure in dense urban settings.

可持续的城市废水管理需要有效去除污染物的系统，同时实现资源回收和减少环境影响。在人口密集的城市，传统的集中式处理厂往往需要长距离的运输、高泵能量和广泛分布的公共化粪池排放的大量甲烷，再加上严格的排放标准。规模化分散式系统（SDSs）——集成到现有下水道网络中的分布式设施——通过减少运输和局部回收提供了潜在的优势，但它们在规模、技术和回收策略上的表现仍然缺乏量化。本文表明，SDSs具有20,000 m3 d - 1移动床生物膜反应器装置，结合水回用和额外的热泵能量回收，可实现最低的生命周期环境影响和成本。我们对中国某城市处理10万m3 d - 1废水的29种方案进行了全系统生命周期评估和成本分析。与优化的集中式基准相比，这些配置可将全球变暖潜势降低高达52.5%，因为更短的下水道可以保存进水碳进行生物反硝化，消除外部碳添加，并有效地进行双重回收；然而，上游化粪池贡献了总变暖潜力的24 - 47%，突出了一个关键的权衡。这些发现表明，精心规划的分散化，加上强大的生物膜技术和综合回收，为密集城市环境中的可持续废水基础设施提供了一条优越的途径。

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引用次数: 0