Beneath the apple trees - Exploring soil microbial properties under Malus domestica concerning various land management practices

IF 4.8 2区 农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE Applied Soil Ecology Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI:10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105642
{"title":"Beneath the apple trees - Exploring soil microbial properties under Malus domestica concerning various land management practices","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105642","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The presented study evaluated the impact of six land management practices on soil bacterial and fungal communities under apple trees: green field belts, forests, gardens with trees and ornamental plants, gardens with farm animals, and uncultivated and cultivated orchards. The study explored soil microbial properties including the enzymatic activity of dehydrogenases (tested by colorimetric reaction with 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride), metabolic profile (using Biolog™ ECO Plates), metataxonomy structure (Next Generation Sequencing using Illumina®), followed by physicochemical properties (pH, N, P, K, microelements concentrations, organic matter, and C<sub>org</sub> content). The hypothesis was that different land management practices would influence soil microbial properties, with cultivated orchards expected to show significantly lower dehydrogenases activity, and higher substrate-based respiratory than biomass response, within substrate stress occurrence, when testing metabolic profiles, but also different composition and lower relative abundances of specific microbial taxa and different biomarker genera, compared to other treatments. We aimed to identify practices promoting diverse microbial substrate-based metabolic and taxa diversity responses, with a focus on <em>Bacillus</em> and <em>Trichoderma</em> abundances, which are potential biological agents against fungal pathogens. As expected the presented research revealed significant statistical variations in microbial communities among different land management practices in soil beneath apple trees. It was accordingly noted that cultivated orchards, but also green belts, clearly exhibited reduced microbial activity (3.59 and 4.76 TPF kg<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>, respectively) compared to gardens and uncultivated orchards (12.08 and 9.89 TPF kg<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>). Cultivated orchards notably showed higher respiration levels and substrate stress compared, especially to forests and other land management practices represented by a clear separation of observed according to Sneath's criteria in cluster analysis. Different land management practices induce unique stress responses in microbial communities: forests struggled with B-Methyl-<span>d</span>-Glucoside, gardens with Serine and Putrescine, cultivated orchards with <span>d</span>-Glucosaminic Acid and Cyclodextrin, and bounds with 2-Hydroxy-Benzoic Acid. Substantial differences were also observed in the relative abundance of the top ten bacterial and fungal orders, and biomarker genera representatives. In cultivated orchards, there was a significant decrease in the relative abundance of many bacterial taxa such as e.g. Rhizobiales, Burkholderiales, Vivinamibacterales, and fungal taxa including Eurotiales, and Saccharomycetales. Notably, no significant differences were noted for <em>Bacillus</em> abundance among tested management practices. Forests favored <em>Trichoderma</em> abundance the most among tested practices (relative abundance 0.05 %). In turn, <em>Trichoderma</em> representatives were revealed as biomarker genera in gardens with animals. <em>Williamsia</em> representatives, as found in uncultivated orchards were suggested to be a biomarker of less disturbance, resulting from area restoration. Overall, the study discussed how different land management practices influence soil microbial communities and their functional roles, emphasizing the potential impacts of use on soil health and biodiversity within its implications. The most important recommendation bullet points:</p><ul><li><span>•</span><span><p>using <em>Williamsia</em> representatives as a soil biomarker microorganism to indicate successful area restoration processes in apple orchards,</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>using <span>d</span>-Glucosaminic Acid metabolic stress test to reveal early difficulties in controlling fungal pathogens in soil microbial communities,</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>promoting diverse plant covers and reasonably reduced agrochemical inputs in apple orchards for enhancing soil microbial resilience,</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>preserving habitats of wild apple trees in forests or green belts, as these environments exhibit reduced metabolic stress and support the occurrence of fungi like <em>Trichoderma</em>, in the context of locations from which such isolates should be sought for further biocontrol use.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0929139324003731/pdfft?md5=8c22d0ac191b901746d55c07fe0bd3cb&pid=1-s2.0-S0929139324003731-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Applied Soil Ecology","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0929139324003731","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"SOIL SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

The presented study evaluated the impact of six land management practices on soil bacterial and fungal communities under apple trees: green field belts, forests, gardens with trees and ornamental plants, gardens with farm animals, and uncultivated and cultivated orchards. The study explored soil microbial properties including the enzymatic activity of dehydrogenases (tested by colorimetric reaction with 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride), metabolic profile (using Biolog™ ECO Plates), metataxonomy structure (Next Generation Sequencing using Illumina®), followed by physicochemical properties (pH, N, P, K, microelements concentrations, organic matter, and Corg content). The hypothesis was that different land management practices would influence soil microbial properties, with cultivated orchards expected to show significantly lower dehydrogenases activity, and higher substrate-based respiratory than biomass response, within substrate stress occurrence, when testing metabolic profiles, but also different composition and lower relative abundances of specific microbial taxa and different biomarker genera, compared to other treatments. We aimed to identify practices promoting diverse microbial substrate-based metabolic and taxa diversity responses, with a focus on Bacillus and Trichoderma abundances, which are potential biological agents against fungal pathogens. As expected the presented research revealed significant statistical variations in microbial communities among different land management practices in soil beneath apple trees. It was accordingly noted that cultivated orchards, but also green belts, clearly exhibited reduced microbial activity (3.59 and 4.76 TPF kg−1 d−1, respectively) compared to gardens and uncultivated orchards (12.08 and 9.89 TPF kg−1 d−1). Cultivated orchards notably showed higher respiration levels and substrate stress compared, especially to forests and other land management practices represented by a clear separation of observed according to Sneath's criteria in cluster analysis. Different land management practices induce unique stress responses in microbial communities: forests struggled with B-Methyl-d-Glucoside, gardens with Serine and Putrescine, cultivated orchards with d-Glucosaminic Acid and Cyclodextrin, and bounds with 2-Hydroxy-Benzoic Acid. Substantial differences were also observed in the relative abundance of the top ten bacterial and fungal orders, and biomarker genera representatives. In cultivated orchards, there was a significant decrease in the relative abundance of many bacterial taxa such as e.g. Rhizobiales, Burkholderiales, Vivinamibacterales, and fungal taxa including Eurotiales, and Saccharomycetales. Notably, no significant differences were noted for Bacillus abundance among tested management practices. Forests favored Trichoderma abundance the most among tested practices (relative abundance 0.05 %). In turn, Trichoderma representatives were revealed as biomarker genera in gardens with animals. Williamsia representatives, as found in uncultivated orchards were suggested to be a biomarker of less disturbance, resulting from area restoration. Overall, the study discussed how different land management practices influence soil microbial communities and their functional roles, emphasizing the potential impacts of use on soil health and biodiversity within its implications. The most important recommendation bullet points:

  • using Williamsia representatives as a soil biomarker microorganism to indicate successful area restoration processes in apple orchards,

  • using d-Glucosaminic Acid metabolic stress test to reveal early difficulties in controlling fungal pathogens in soil microbial communities,

  • promoting diverse plant covers and reasonably reduced agrochemical inputs in apple orchards for enhancing soil microbial resilience,

  • preserving habitats of wild apple trees in forests or green belts, as these environments exhibit reduced metabolic stress and support the occurrence of fungi like Trichoderma, in the context of locations from which such isolates should be sought for further biocontrol use.

Abstract Image

查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
苹果树下--探索苹果树下与各种土地管理方法有关的土壤微生物特性
本研究评估了六种土地管理方法对苹果树下土壤细菌和真菌群落的影响:绿地带、森林、种植树木和观赏植物的花园、种植农场动物的花园以及未开垦和开垦的果园。该研究探讨了土壤微生物特性,包括脱氢酶的酶活性(通过 2,3,5-三苯基氯化四氮唑比色反应进行测试)、代谢概况(使用 Biolog™ ECO 板)、元分类结构(使用 Illumina® 进行下一代测序),以及理化特性(pH 值、氮、磷、钾、微量元素浓度、有机质和 Corg 含量)。我们的假设是,不同的土地管理方法会影响土壤微生物特性,与其他处理方法相比,栽培型果园的脱氢酶活性明显较低,在基质压力发生时,基质呼吸反应明显高于生物量反应,特定微生物类群和不同生物标志物属的组成和相对丰度也不同。我们的目标是确定促进基于基质的微生物代谢和类群多样性反应的做法,重点是芽孢杆菌和毛霉的丰度,它们是对抗真菌病原体的潜在生物制剂。正如预期的那样,本研究报告揭示了苹果树下土壤中不同土地管理方法下微生物群落的显著统计差异。据此可以看出,与花园和未开垦果园(12.08 和 9.89 TPF kg-1 d-1)相比,开垦果园和绿化带的微生物活性明显降低(分别为 3.59 和 4.76 TPF kg-1 d-1)。与森林和其他土地管理方法相比,栽培果园的呼吸水平和基质应力明显更高,这在聚类分析中根据 Sneath 标准观察到的明显差异。不同的土地管理方式会在微生物群落中引起独特的应激反应:森林与 B-甲基-d-葡萄糖苷抗争,花园与丝氨酸和普氏甘氨酸抗争,栽培果园与 d-氨基葡萄糖酸和环糊精抗争,边界与 2-羟基苯甲酸抗争。在前十个细菌和真菌目以及生物标记属代表的相对丰度方面也观察到了巨大差异。在栽培果园中,许多细菌类群(如根瘤菌纲、伯克霍尔德菌纲、Vivinamibacterales)和真菌类群(包括欧洲菌纲和酵母菌纲)的相对丰度显著下降。值得注意的是,在测试的管理方法中,芽孢杆菌的丰度没有明显差异。在测试方法中,森林最有利于毛霉的丰度(相对丰度为 0.05 %)。反过来,在有动物的花园中,毛霉菌代表也被揭示为生物标记菌属。在未开垦的果园中发现的 Williamsia 代表被认为是干扰较少的生物标志,这是由区域恢复造成的。总之,该研究讨论了不同的土地管理方法如何影响土壤微生物群落及其功能作用,强调了使用对土壤健康和生物多样性的潜在影响。最重要的建议要点如下-将 Williamsia 代表作为一种土壤生物标志微生物,以显示苹果园成功的区域恢复过程; - 使用 d-Glucosaminic Acid 代谢压力测试,以揭示土壤微生物群落在控制真菌病原体方面的早期困难、-保护森林或绿化带中野生苹果树的栖息地,因为这些环境中的代谢压力较小,有利于毛霉等真菌的生长。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 去求助
来源期刊
Applied Soil Ecology
Applied Soil Ecology 农林科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
9.70
自引率
4.20%
发文量
363
审稿时长
5.3 months
期刊介绍: Applied Soil Ecology addresses the role of soil organisms and their interactions in relation to: sustainability and productivity, nutrient cycling and other soil processes, the maintenance of soil functions, the impact of human activities on soil ecosystems and bio(techno)logical control of soil-inhabiting pests, diseases and weeds.
期刊最新文献
Relationships between yield, enzymatic activity, and chemical properties across different soil layers and phenological stages of grapevines in southern Brazil Regulation of soil phosphorus availability in alpine meadows: Insights from phosphate-mobilising bacteria The functional guilds of dung beetles mediate secondary seed dispersal in a tropical savanna Microbially mediated mechanisms underlie the increased soil N2O emissions under nitrogen fertilization in purple soil Litter, root, and mycorrhiza manipulations and seasonal effects on soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities in a subtropical coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1