The dynamic evolution characteristics of PM2.5 concentrations and health risk assessment during typical forest fires in China

IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Atmospheric Pollution Research Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI:10.1016/j.apr.2024.102303
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Abstract

In the context of climate change, increasingly frequent wildfire events are exacerbating the air quality crisis in China and have become a significant source of atmospheric PM2.5. This study selected 12 major forest wildfire events in China from 2018 to 2023. Using atmospheric pollutant and component concentration data, as well as meteorological data, the study employed MK trend analysis, forward trajectory simulation, potential source contribution function (PSCF), and health risk indices to investigate the evolution patterns of PM2.5 concentrations before and after each wildfire event. The study explored the driving role of meteorological factors in this evolution process and quantitatively analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of health risks in surrounding cities post-wildfire. The results indicated that: 1) PM2.5 levels changed significantly before and after each wildfire event, although the proportion of components remained relatively stable. 2) PM2.5 concentrations exhibited varying characteristics within different buffer zones of the wildfire areas. In the forest wildfire events in Foshan, Guangdong Province, and Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, the average PM2.5 concentrations within the 50 km buffer zones reached approximately 90 μg/m3, about 4–5 times the multi-year average for these areas. 3) Wildfire emissions were mainly influenced by meteorological and topographical factors. Wind field dependence diagrams showed that PM2.5 tended to accumulate in all wind directions, particularly at lower wind speeds of 0–5 m/s 4) Potential source analysis revealed that PM2.5 emissions from wildfires posed significant risks to surrounding areas. Multiple events had high-risk areas (WPSCF ≥0.8), and among the cities in these high-risk areas, the health risk value (ΔM) for Ya'an City reached an extremely high 85.1. This study provides a theoretical basis for policymakers to develop locally tailored wildfire management policies, ensuring the protection of the public's right to breathe clean air.

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中国典型森林火灾期间 PM2.5 浓度动态演变特征及健康风险评估
在气候变化的背景下,日益频繁的野火事件正在加剧中国的空气质量危机,并已成为大气中 PM2.5 的重要来源。本研究选取了 2018 年至 2023 年中国发生的 12 起重大森林野火事件。研究利用大气污染物和组分浓度数据以及气象数据,采用MK趋势分析、前向轨迹模拟、潜在源贡献函数(PSCF)和健康风险指数等方法,研究了各野火事件前后PM2.5浓度的演变规律。研究探讨了气象因素在这一演变过程中的驱动作用,并定量分析了野火后周边城市健康风险的空间分布特征。结果表明1)在每次野火事件发生前后,PM2.5 水平都会发生显著变化,但各组分的比例保持相对稳定。2)在野火区域的不同缓冲区内,PM2.5浓度表现出不同的特征。在广东佛山和山西晋中的森林野火事件中,50 公里缓冲区内的 PM2.5 平均浓度达到约 90 μg/m3,约为这些地区多年平均值的 4-5 倍。3)野火排放主要受气象和地形因素影响。风场依赖图显示,PM2.5 在所有风向都有累积的趋势,尤其是在 0-5 米/秒的较低风速下 4)潜在来源分析表明,野火产生的 PM2.5 排放对周围地区构成了重大风险。多个事件都有高风险区域(WPSCF ≥0.8),在这些高风险区域的城市中,雅安市的健康风险值(ΔM)达到了极高的 85.1。这项研究为政策制定者提供了理论依据,以制定适合本地的野火管理政策,确保保护公众呼吸清洁空气的权利。
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来源期刊
Atmospheric Pollution Research
Atmospheric Pollution Research ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
6.70%
发文量
256
审稿时长
36 days
期刊介绍: Atmospheric Pollution Research (APR) is an international journal designed for the publication of articles on air pollution. Papers should present novel experimental results, theory and modeling of air pollution on local, regional, or global scales. Areas covered are research on inorganic, organic, and persistent organic air pollutants, air quality monitoring, air quality management, atmospheric dispersion and transport, air-surface (soil, water, and vegetation) exchange of pollutants, dry and wet deposition, indoor air quality, exposure assessment, health effects, satellite measurements, natural emissions, atmospheric chemistry, greenhouse gases, and effects on climate change.
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