Dynamic of upwelling variability in southern Indonesia region revealed from satellite data: Role of ENSO and IOD

IF 2.1 4区 地球科学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Journal of Sea Research Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI:10.1016/j.seares.2024.102543
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Abstract

The Southern Indonesian (SI) region is known for its high-intensity coastal upwelling caused by monsoonal wind. Interannual phenomena such as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) also influence upwelling activity in this region. This study analyzed the relationship between upwelling intensity (UIsst) and those variables and their impact on oceanographic features such as Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a concentration. We used satellite imagery data, including SST from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and chlorophyll-a from MODIS, to analyze the aforementioned issue. To identify the impact of wind patterns on coastal upwelling, we analyzed using zonal wind stress from ERA-5 Data. Quantification of UIsst is defined as the SST gradient between the coastal and open ocean waters. Linear and partial correlation analysis between UIsst with the Ocean Niño Index (ONI) and Dipole Mode Index (DMI) were conducted to see the influence of ENSO and IOD phenomena. Anomaly analysis was also conducted on SST, chlorophyll-a concentration, zonal windstress and UIsst to see how large the values were during the years of the ENSO and IOD events. Upwelling in the SI region typically occurs during southeast monsoon (SEM) periods, starting earlier in the East side (Nusa Tenggara Islands) and moving towards the West side (South Coast of Java). The correlation analysis (both linear and partial) indicates that the IOD has a stronger influence on UIsst in the SI region compared to ENSO, especially during June to October (SEM periods). This finding is confirmed by anomaly analysis, which reveals significant changes in SST, chlorophyll-a concentration, zonal windstress, and UIsst during ENSO and IOD events. The magnitude of the anomalies is generally stronger during IOD events than those observed under ENSO conditions.

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卫星数据揭示的印度尼西亚南部地区上升流的动态变化:厄尔尼诺/南方涛动和国际海洋学年的作用
印度尼西亚南部地区因季风引起的高强度沿岸上升流而闻名。厄尔尼诺南方涛动(ENSO)和印度洋偶极子(IOD)等年际现象也会影响该地区的上升流活动。本研究分析了上升流强度(UIsst)与这些变量之间的关系,以及它们对海洋表面温度(SST)和叶绿素-a 浓度等海洋学特征的影响。我们利用卫星图像数据,包括美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)的 SST 和 MODIS 的叶绿素-a,来分析上述问题。为了确定风型对沿岸上升流的影响,我们利用ERA-5 数据的带状风压进行了分析。UIsst 定义为沿岸海域和开阔海域之间的海温梯度。为了解厄尔尼诺/南方涛动和 IOD 现象的影响,对 UIsst 与海洋尼诺指数 (ONI) 和偶极模式指数 (DMI) 进行了线性和偏相关分析。还对 SST、叶绿素-a 浓度、带状风压和 UIsst 进行了异常分析,以了解 ENSO 和 IOD 事件发生年份的数值有多大。SI 地区的上升流通常发生在东南季风(SEM)时期,从东侧(努沙登加拉群岛)较早开始,向西侧(爪哇岛南海岸)移动。相关分析(线性分析和部分分析)表明,与厄尔尼诺/南方涛动相比,IOD 对印度洋地区 UIsst 的影响更大,尤其是在 6 月至 10 月(东南季风期)。异常分析证实了这一结论,异常分析显示,在 ENSO 和 IOD 事件期间,SST、叶绿素-a 浓度、带状风压和 UIsst 都发生了显著变化。与厄尔尼诺/南方涛动条件下观测到的异常相比,IOD 事件期间的异常幅度通常更大。
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来源期刊
Journal of Sea Research
Journal of Sea Research 地学-海洋学
CiteScore
3.20
自引率
5.00%
发文量
86
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Sea Research is an international and multidisciplinary periodical on marine research, with an emphasis on the functioning of marine ecosystems in coastal and shelf seas, including intertidal, estuarine and brackish environments. As several subdisciplines add to this aim, manuscripts are welcome from the fields of marine biology, marine chemistry, marine sedimentology and physical oceanography, provided they add to the understanding of ecosystem processes.
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