Which diagnostic test to use for Testing and Treatment strategies in Plasmodium vivax low-transmission settings: a secondary analysis of a longitudinal interventional study
{"title":"Which diagnostic test to use for Testing and Treatment strategies in Plasmodium vivax low-transmission settings: a secondary analysis of a longitudinal interventional study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.lana.2024.100883","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The lack of sensitive field tests to diagnose blood stages and hypnozoite carriers prevents Testing and Treatment (TAT) strategies to achieve <em>Plasmodium vivax</em> elimination in low-transmission settings, but recent advances in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and serology position them as promising tools. This study describes a PCR-based TAT strategy (PCRTAT) implemented in Saint Georges (SGO), French Guiana, and explores alternative strategies (seroTAT and seroPCRTAT) to diagnose and treat <em>P. vivax</em> carriers.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The PALUSTOP cohort study implemented in SGO (September 2017 to December 2018) screened participants for <em>P. vivax</em> using PCR tests and treated positive cases. Serology was also performed. Passive detection of <em>P. vivax</em> infection occurred during follow-up. Participants were categorised into overlapping treatment groups based on 2017 PCR and serological results. Strategies were described in terms of participants targeted or missed, primaquine contraindications (pregnancy, G6PD severe or intermediate deficiency), and sociodemographic characteristics.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>In 2017, 1567 inhabitants were included, aged 0–92 years. A total of 90 (6%) were <em>P. vivax</em> carriers and 390 seropositive (25%). PCRTAT missed 282 seropositive individuals while seroTAT would have missed 21 PCR-positive cases. Primaquine contraindications ranged from 12% to 17% across strategies.</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>Serology and PCR are promising tools for targeted treatment strategies in <em>P. vivax</em> low-transmission settings, when field compatible sensitive tests will be available. Both seem necessary to capture blood stages and potential hypnozoite carriers, while avoiding mass treatment. However, high primaquine contraindications rates need consideration for successful elimination.</p></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><p>Supported by <span>European Funds for Regional Development</span>, <span>French Guiana Regional Health Agency</span>, <span>Pan American Health Organization</span>, <span>WHO</span>, <span>French Ministry for Research</span>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Regional Health-Americas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667193X24002102/pdfft?md5=b76863e227d785e1a018441a19b4dead&pid=1-s2.0-S2667193X24002102-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Lancet Regional Health-Americas","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667193X24002102","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background
The lack of sensitive field tests to diagnose blood stages and hypnozoite carriers prevents Testing and Treatment (TAT) strategies to achieve Plasmodium vivax elimination in low-transmission settings, but recent advances in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and serology position them as promising tools. This study describes a PCR-based TAT strategy (PCRTAT) implemented in Saint Georges (SGO), French Guiana, and explores alternative strategies (seroTAT and seroPCRTAT) to diagnose and treat P. vivax carriers.
Methods
The PALUSTOP cohort study implemented in SGO (September 2017 to December 2018) screened participants for P. vivax using PCR tests and treated positive cases. Serology was also performed. Passive detection of P. vivax infection occurred during follow-up. Participants were categorised into overlapping treatment groups based on 2017 PCR and serological results. Strategies were described in terms of participants targeted or missed, primaquine contraindications (pregnancy, G6PD severe or intermediate deficiency), and sociodemographic characteristics.
Findings
In 2017, 1567 inhabitants were included, aged 0–92 years. A total of 90 (6%) were P. vivax carriers and 390 seropositive (25%). PCRTAT missed 282 seropositive individuals while seroTAT would have missed 21 PCR-positive cases. Primaquine contraindications ranged from 12% to 17% across strategies.
Interpretation
Serology and PCR are promising tools for targeted treatment strategies in P. vivax low-transmission settings, when field compatible sensitive tests will be available. Both seem necessary to capture blood stages and potential hypnozoite carriers, while avoiding mass treatment. However, high primaquine contraindications rates need consideration for successful elimination.
Funding
Supported by European Funds for Regional Development, French Guiana Regional Health Agency, Pan American Health Organization, WHO, French Ministry for Research.
期刊介绍：
The Lancet Regional Health – Americas, an open-access journal, contributes to The Lancet's global initiative by focusing on health-care quality and access in the Americas. It aims to advance clinical practice and health policy in the region, promoting better health outcomes. The journal publishes high-quality original research advocating change or shedding light on clinical practice and health policy. It welcomes submissions on various regional health topics, including infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, child and adolescent health, maternal and reproductive health, emergency care, health policy, and health equity.
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