He Zhang, Wei Ouyang, Kai He, Lei Wang, Jietong Pei, Chunye Lin, Shangwei Zhang, Dongsheng Li, Mengchang He, Xitao Liu
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
This study investigated geospatial distributions of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the waters of the Dongjiang River and their associations with anthropogenic activities. Fifteen EDCs, with total concentrations in the river water of 149–2525 ng/L were detected, with bisphenol-A, 4-nonylphenol, 4--octylphenol, -hydroxybenzoic acid, and methylparaben being the five predominant EDCs. The total estrogen concentration was high downstream and significantly correlated with the spatial distribution of urban land use, wastewater discharge, population, and gross domestic product, indicating human activities have increased estrogen levels and threatened ecological health. The total risk quotient indicated a high ecological risk of estrogens to fish and a moderate to high ecological risk of personal care products to algae. Estrone, triclosan, bisphenol-A, 4-nonylphenol, and 4--octylphenol were categorized as priority pollutants, which required special concern. Triclosan and triclocarban can serve as reliable chemical indicators for predicting EDC levels based on correlation analysis. The crucial factors affecting EDC levels were identified through the Mantel test and predictor importance was quantified using a multiple regression model, which can help predict occurrences and geospatial distributions of EDCs. Total phosphorus and electrical conductivity were the major predictors of EDC levels, providing promising indicators for monitoring EDCs in river water. Urban land proportion significantly affected phenolic environmental estrogens, natural estrogens, and disinfectants. In the main stream, urban population, urbanization rate, and gross domestic product influenced phenolic environmental estrogen levels. A mini-review of the global distribution of EDCs in river water revealed that income and population differences among countries affect their occurrence, suggesting socioeconomic factors should be considered to mitigate EDC pollution.
本研究调查了东江水体中干扰内分泌的化学物质(EDCs)的地理空间分布及其与人类活动的关系。共检测到 15 种 EDCs,在河水中的总浓度为 149-2525 ng/L,其中双酚 A、4-壬基酚、4-辛基酚、羟基苯甲酸和对羟基苯甲酸甲酯是最主要的 5 种 EDCs。下游总雌激素浓度较高,且与城市土地利用、污水排放、人口和国内生产总值的空间分布有显著相关性,表明人类活动增加了雌激素水平,威胁生态健康。总风险商数表明,雌激素对鱼类的生态风险较高,个人护理产品对藻类的生态风险为中度至高度。雌酮、三氯生、双酚 A、4-壬基酚和 4-辛基酚被列为需要特别关注的重点污染物。根据相关性分析,三氯生和三氯卡班可作为预测 EDC 含量的可靠化学指标。通过曼特尔检验确定了影响 EDC 水平的关键因素,并利用多元回归模型量化了预测因子的重要性,这有助于预测 EDC 的发生率和地理空间分布。总磷和电导率是 EDC 水平的主要预测因子,为监测河水中的 EDC 提供了有前景的指标。城市用地比例对酚类环境雌激素、天然雌激素和消毒剂的影响很大。在干流中,城市人口、城市化率和国内生产总值影响了酚类环境雌激素的水平。对河水中 EDCs 全球分布情况的小结显示,各国的收入和人口差异会影响 EDCs 的出现,这表明应考虑社会经济因素来减轻 EDC 污染。
期刊介绍:
Environmental Pollution is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality research papers and review articles covering all aspects of environmental pollution and its impacts on ecosystems and human health.
Subject areas include, but are not limited to:
• Sources and occurrences of pollutants that are clearly defined and measured in environmental compartments, food and food-related items, and human bodies;
• Interlinks between contaminant exposure and biological, ecological, and human health effects, including those of climate change;
• Contaminants of emerging concerns (including but not limited to antibiotic resistant microorganisms or genes, microplastics/nanoplastics, electronic wastes, light, and noise) and/or their biological, ecological, or human health effects;
• Laboratory and field studies on the remediation/mitigation of environmental pollution via new techniques and with clear links to biological, ecological, or human health effects;
• Modeling of pollution processes, patterns, or trends that is of clear environmental and/or human health interest;
• New techniques that measure and examine environmental occurrences, transport, behavior, and effects of pollutants within the environment or the laboratory, provided that they can be clearly used to address problems within regional or global environmental compartments.