Outdoor air pollution is a significant risk factor for tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer. This study employs a Bayesian approach to evaluate TBL cancer mortality due to air pollution in Tuscany, Central Italy, in 2023. Using locally validated data, we assessed the impact of fine particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO) in terms of attributable deaths and years of life lost (YLL). Our three-step methodology included: (1) Bayesian modeling to derive posterior distributions for life expectancy, pollution levels, mortality rates, and exposure-response functions (inputs); (2) Monte Carlo simulations to propagate uncertainty from the inputs to the impact metrics (outputs); and (3) Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) to quantify the influence of each input on the outputs. The largest impact was estimated for PM2.5, with 432 attributable deaths (50% CrI: 174; 705) and 6,500 YLL (50% CrI: 2,624; 10,613) in the region due to annual average concentrations exceeding the WHO threshold of /m. Central districts, with higher exposure levels, were particularly affected, reporting 14 attributable deaths and 207 attributable YLL per 100,000 inhabitants. The GSA indicated that uncertainty in exposure-response functions and annual average concentrations of air pollutants significantly affected outcomes, highlighting the need to strengthen the regional air quality network and conduct local studies to address effects heterogeneity. Our findings highlight the value of high-quality local health assessments for identifying critical areas, setting intervention priorities, and informing context-specific action plans.
{"title":"Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer mortality and air pollution exposure in Tuscany, Italy: Bayesian Health Impact Assessment and Global Sensitivity Analysis on a sub-regional scale","authors":"Michela Baccini, Federico Pirona, Laura Grisotto, Giulia Cereda, Alessio Lachi, Miriam Levi, Giulia Carreras","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125682","url":null,"abstract":"Outdoor air pollution is a significant risk factor for tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer. This study employs a Bayesian approach to evaluate TBL cancer mortality due to air pollution in Tuscany, Central Italy, in 2023. Using locally validated data, we assessed the impact of fine particulate matter (PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and nitrogen dioxide (NO<span><span><math><msub is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><msub is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">2</mn></mrow></msub></math></script></span>) in terms of attributable deaths and years of life lost (YLL). Our three-step methodology included: (1) Bayesian modeling to derive posterior distributions for life expectancy, pollution levels, mortality rates, and exposure-response functions (inputs); (2) Monte Carlo simulations to propagate uncertainty from the inputs to the impact metrics (outputs); and (3) Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) to quantify the influence of each input on the outputs. The largest impact was estimated for PM<sub>2.5</sub>, with 432 attributable deaths (50% CrI: 174; 705) and 6,500 YLL (50% CrI: 2,624; 10,613) in the region due to annual average concentrations exceeding the WHO threshold of <span><span><math><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">5</mn><mspace is=\"true\" width=\"1em\"></mspace><mi is=\"true\" mathvariant=\"normal\">μ</mi><mi is=\"true\" mathvariant=\"normal\">g</mi></mrow></math></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">5</mn><mspace width=\"1em\" is=\"true\"></mspace><mi mathvariant=\"normal\" is=\"true\">μ</mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\" is=\"true\">g</mi></mrow></math></script></span>/m<span><span><math><msup is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">3</mn></mrow></msup></math></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><msup is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">3</mn></mrow></msup></math></script></span>. Central districts, with higher exposure levels, were particularly affected, reporting 14 attributable deaths and 207 attributable YLL per 100,000 inhabitants. The GSA indicated that uncertainty in exposure-response functions and annual average concentrations of air pollutants significantly affected outcomes, highlighting the need to strengthen the regional air quality network and conduct local studies to address effects heterogeneity. Our findings highlight the value of high-quality local health assessments for identifying critical areas, setting intervention priorities, and informing context-specific action plans.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<h2>Section snippets</h2><section><section><section><h2>Chemicals</h2>Bifenthrin (purity: ≥98%, C23H22ClF3O2) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and diluted in DMSO to conduct the assays. Various concentrations (0.5μM/ml to 10 μM/ml) of bifenthrin were treated to conduct assays. These doses were derived from an IC<sub>50</sub> curve based on cell viability assay.</section><section><h2>Cell culture and treatment</h2>Hek 293 cells were collected from the NCCS, Pune, India, and the cells were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37 °C with 5% CO2 in tissue culture</section></section></section><section><section><section><h2>BF diminishes the viability of Hek 293 cells</h2>To investigate the effects of BF on the viability of Hek 293, MTT assay was performed. Different concentrations of BF (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 μM/ml) were applied to treat Hek 293 cells. The result suggested that cell viability (<em>p</em>< 0.0001) decreased significantly as the concentration of BF increased. As shown in Fig. 1, we observed the cell viability declined significantly (<em>p</em> < 0.0001) at 56% and 65% at 4 and 8μΜ/ml of BF. Therefore, the concentration (0, 0.5, 1, 2 μΜ/ml) below 4-8 μΜ/ml was</section></section></section><section><section><h2>Discussion</h2>Bifenthrin is widely used worldwide to kill ants, fleas, termites, and mosquito repellent and has been encountered in various environments that can be harmful to aquatic organisms and to the human population (Yang et al. 2018; Tang et al. 2018). The recommended concentrations for BF in humans are 0.328 and 0.013 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively, for acute and chronic conditions (Ham et al. 2020). However, considering the multiple pathways of exposure, such as bioaccumulation through</section></section><section><section><h2>Conclusion</h2>In summary, our study demonstrates that BF exerts significant cytotoxic effects on Hek 293 cells through multiple mechanisms, including decreased cell viability, induction of apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered gene expression linked with mitochondrial dynamics. The dose-dependent nature of these effects underscores the potential risks associated with BF exposure, particularly at higher concentrations. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the</section></section><section><section><h2>Uncited reference</h2>Aceves et al., 2021; Gajendiran and Abraham, 2018; Park et al., 2024; Pylak-Piwko and Nieradko-Iwanicka, 2021; Roubicek and de Souza-Pinto, 2017; Wang et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2021.</section></section><section><section><h2>Declaration of Competing Interest</h2>☒ The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.</section></section><section><section><h2>Acknowledgements</h2>This study was funded by the Department of Science & Tech
{"title":"Bifenthrin causes disturbance in mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetic system in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293)","authors":"Anwesha Das, Madhusudan Das, Nirvika Paul, Srilagna Chatterjee, Kunal Sarkar, Sarbashri Bank, Jit Sarkar, Biswabandhu Bankura, Debraj Roy, Krishnendu Acharya, Sudakshina Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125707","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>Section snippets</h2><section><section><section><h2>Chemicals</h2>Bifenthrin (purity: ≥98%, C23H22ClF3O2) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and diluted in DMSO to conduct the assays. Various concentrations (0.5μM/ml to 10 μM/ml) of bifenthrin were treated to conduct assays. These doses were derived from an IC<sub>50</sub> curve based on cell viability assay.</section><section><h2>Cell culture and treatment</h2>Hek 293 cells were collected from the NCCS, Pune, India, and the cells were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37 °C with 5% CO2 in tissue culture</section></section></section><section><section><section><h2>BF diminishes the viability of Hek 293 cells</h2>To investigate the effects of BF on the viability of Hek 293, MTT assay was performed. Different concentrations of BF (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 μM/ml) were applied to treat Hek 293 cells. The result suggested that cell viability (<em>p</em>< 0.0001) decreased significantly as the concentration of BF increased. As shown in Fig. 1, we observed the cell viability declined significantly (<em>p</em> < 0.0001) at 56% and 65% at 4 and 8μΜ/ml of BF. Therefore, the concentration (0, 0.5, 1, 2 μΜ/ml) below 4-8 μΜ/ml was</section></section></section><section><section><h2>Discussion</h2>Bifenthrin is widely used worldwide to kill ants, fleas, termites, and mosquito repellent and has been encountered in various environments that can be harmful to aquatic organisms and to the human population (Yang et al. 2018; Tang et al. 2018). The recommended concentrations for BF in humans are 0.328 and 0.013 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively, for acute and chronic conditions (Ham et al. 2020). However, considering the multiple pathways of exposure, such as bioaccumulation through</section></section><section><section><h2>Conclusion</h2>In summary, our study demonstrates that BF exerts significant cytotoxic effects on Hek 293 cells through multiple mechanisms, including decreased cell viability, induction of apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered gene expression linked with mitochondrial dynamics. The dose-dependent nature of these effects underscores the potential risks associated with BF exposure, particularly at higher concentrations. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the</section></section><section><section><h2>Uncited reference</h2>Aceves et al., 2021; Gajendiran and Abraham, 2018; Park et al., 2024; Pylak-Piwko and Nieradko-Iwanicka, 2021; Roubicek and de Souza-Pinto, 2017; Wang et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2021.</section></section><section><section><h2>Declaration of Competing Interest</h2>☒ The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.</section></section><section><section><h2>Acknowledgements</h2>This study was funded by the Department of Science & Tech","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125694
Izrar Ahmad, Saif Ahmad Khan, Mohd Shoeb, Saiful Islam, Md. Afzal Khan
Evolution of groundwater genesis in Central Ganga Plain (CGP) is scrutinized with due consideration of hydrochemical and hydrodynamic environment within Quaternary alluviums. Wide variation in hydrochemical facies in CGP indicates a dynamic hydro-geochemical environment influenced from the seasonal rainfall, return flows, canal seepages, and anthropogenic activities. The Ca-HCO3 facies retaining meteoric nature is characterized by shallow water levels, high recharge rate, high hydraulic conductivity, low salinity and trace elemental load. A noticeable increase in salinity and trace elemental load is reported as groundwater evolved from Ca-HCO3 to Ca-Mg-HCO3, Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4, Ca-Na-HCO3 type and Na-Cl-SO4 types. The hydrochemical facies and bivariate plots infer Silicate and Carbonate weathering in a redox-ion exchange environment. The varying concentrations of radio-nuclides like U and Th in different hydrochemical facies depicts the migration attributed to oxidizing-reducing environment and acid-alkaline conditions. Aquifer heterogeneity and spatial variability of groundwater recharge sources including rainfall, return flows, canal seepages imparts changes that make it difficult to appoint sources. The shallow groundwater recharge zones are depleted in heavier isotopes (δ1⁸O: -12‰ to -7‰) advocating recharge primarily from precipitation and surface water. The concomitant occurrences of HCO3, Sr, and SiO2 ascribe genesis from geogenic source more precisely the silicate weathering. Reverse geochemical modelling shows that groundwater is saturated with chalcedony, quartz, barite, talc and under-saturated with anhydrite, gypsum, halite, and sylvite. Analyses including contamination evolution and PPI, point that NO3, Cl, SO4, Sr, As, Mn are common pollutants stemming particularly from agricultural activities and industrial effluents pose a serious threat to groundwater sustainability.
{"title":"Hydrochemical facies distribution, controlling mechanisms and Natural background concentrations of major pollutants in Ganga-Yamuna Interfluve Aquifer, India","authors":"Izrar Ahmad, Saif Ahmad Khan, Mohd Shoeb, Saiful Islam, Md. Afzal Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125694","url":null,"abstract":"Evolution of groundwater genesis in Central Ganga Plain (CGP) is scrutinized with due consideration of hydrochemical and hydrodynamic environment within Quaternary alluviums. Wide variation in hydrochemical facies in CGP indicates a dynamic hydro-geochemical environment influenced from the seasonal rainfall, return flows, canal seepages, and anthropogenic activities. The Ca-HCO<sub>3</sub> facies retaining meteoric nature is characterized by shallow water levels, high recharge rate, high hydraulic conductivity, low salinity and trace elemental load. A noticeable increase in salinity and trace elemental load is reported as groundwater evolved from Ca-HCO<sub>3</sub> to Ca-Mg-HCO<sub>3</sub>, Ca-Mg-Cl-SO<sub>4</sub>, Ca-Na-HCO<sub>3</sub> type and Na-Cl-SO<sub>4</sub> types. The hydrochemical facies and bivariate plots infer Silicate and Carbonate weathering in a redox-ion exchange environment. The varying concentrations of radio-nuclides like U and Th in different hydrochemical facies depicts the migration attributed to oxidizing-reducing environment and acid-alkaline conditions. Aquifer heterogeneity and spatial variability of groundwater recharge sources including rainfall, return flows, canal seepages imparts changes that make it difficult to appoint sources. The shallow groundwater recharge zones are depleted in heavier isotopes (δ<sup>1</sup>⁸O: -12‰ to -7‰) advocating recharge primarily from precipitation and surface water. The concomitant occurrences of HCO<sub>3</sub>, Sr, and SiO<sub>2</sub> ascribe genesis from geogenic source more precisely the silicate weathering. Reverse geochemical modelling shows that groundwater is saturated with chalcedony, quartz, barite, talc and under-saturated with anhydrite, gypsum, halite, and sylvite. Analyses including contamination evolution and PPI, point that NO<sub>3</sub>, Cl, SO<sub>4</sub>, Sr, As, Mn are common pollutants stemming particularly from agricultural activities and industrial effluents pose a serious threat to groundwater sustainability.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The widespread use of synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) has led to their ubiquity and may contribute to multiple adverse health outcomes by affecting hormone level disruption. This study aimed to assess the exposure levels of SPAs in the plasma of the normoglycemic rural Chinese population, investigate the association of single and mixed pollutant exposures with sex hormones, and analyze the moderating role of body mass index (BMI) in these relationships. A cross-sectional study including 763 individuals with normal blood glucose from the Henan Rural cohort was conducted. General linear models, restricted cubic spline models, quantile-based g computation (qgcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were utilized to evaluate single, nonlinear, and mixed relationships between SPAs exposure and sex hormones. The combined and additive interactions of SPAs and BMI on sex hormones were further examined. SPAs were widely detected in the plasma samples of the normoglycemic rural Chinese population, and SPAs were significantly linked to altered progestogen and androgen levels in single exposure and varied by gender and menopausal status, and some of these associations were non-linear. Being overweight/obesity strengthened the effect of SPAs on androgens and estrogens. Mixture effect analyses suggested a positive joint mixture effect of SPAs with progesterone in men, and a negative joint mixture effect of SPAs with 17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, and androstenedione in both men and postmenopausal women. The relative contribution of AO44B25, AO425, BHA, BHT-OH, and AO2246 to the overall mixing effect was higher in both mixture analyses. This study is the first to profile SPAs in plasma samples from the Chinese rural population and to identify significant associations between SPAs exposure and altered progestogen and androgen levels in men and postmenopausal women, providing epidemiological evidence for the endocrine-disrupting effects of SPAs and research basis for exploring the etiology of multiple diseases caused by environmental pollution.
{"title":"Synergistic effect of synthetic phenolic antioxidant exposure and overweight/obesity on altered sex hormone levels: normoglycemic rural Chinese population","authors":"Lulu Wang, Changsheng Huan, Dandan Wei, Wenqian Huo, Chongjian Wang, Zhenxing Mao, Tao Jing","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125713","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread use of synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) has led to their ubiquity and may contribute to multiple adverse health outcomes by affecting hormone level disruption. This study aimed to assess the exposure levels of SPAs in the plasma of the normoglycemic rural Chinese population, investigate the association of single and mixed pollutant exposures with sex hormones, and analyze the moderating role of body mass index (BMI) in these relationships. A cross-sectional study including 763 individuals with normal blood glucose from the Henan Rural cohort was conducted. General linear models, restricted cubic spline models, quantile-based g computation (qgcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were utilized to evaluate single, nonlinear, and mixed relationships between SPAs exposure and sex hormones. The combined and additive interactions of SPAs and BMI on sex hormones were further examined. SPAs were widely detected in the plasma samples of the normoglycemic rural Chinese population, and SPAs were significantly linked to altered progestogen and androgen levels in single exposure and varied by gender and menopausal status, and some of these associations were non-linear. Being overweight/obesity strengthened the effect of SPAs on androgens and estrogens. Mixture effect analyses suggested a positive joint mixture effect of SPAs with progesterone in men, and a negative joint mixture effect of SPAs with 17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, and androstenedione in both men and postmenopausal women. The relative contribution of AO44B25, AO425, BHA, BHT-OH, and AO2246 to the overall mixing effect was higher in both mixture analyses. This study is the first to profile SPAs in plasma samples from the Chinese rural population and to identify significant associations between SPAs exposure and altered progestogen and androgen levels in men and postmenopausal women, providing epidemiological evidence for the endocrine-disrupting effects of SPAs and research basis for exploring the etiology of multiple diseases caused by environmental pollution.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125711
Vera N. de Ruijter, Paula E. Redondo-Hasselerharm, Albert A. Koelmans
Numerous reviews have consistently highlighted the shortcomings of studies evaluating the effects of microplastics (MP), with many of the issues identified in 2016 still relevant in 2024. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on MP effect testing, compare guidelines, and provide an overview of risk assessments conducted at both single species and community levels. We discuss standard test materials, MP characteristics, and mechanisms explaining effects. We have observed that the quality of MP effect studies is gradually improving, and knowledge on enhancing these studies is available. Recommendations include data rescaling and alignment for ecological risk assessment, with preference for using environmentally relevant MPs. A step-by-step protocol for creating polydisperse test materials is provided. Most risk assessments indicate that concentrations observed in ecosystems globally exceed the effect thresholds measured in the laboratory. However, using a higher-tier approach, no risks are expected for freshwater benthic communities at current MP exposure concentrations. Evidence on the mechanisms behind adverse effects is growing; however, more well-designed experiments are needed. A potential solution might involve comparing natural particles with MPs that are as similar in dimensions as possible, providing insight into the mechanisms of food dilution where volume is a critical determinant of toxicity.
{"title":"A brief history of microplastics effect testing: Guidance and prospect","authors":"Vera N. de Ruijter, Paula E. Redondo-Hasselerharm, Albert A. Koelmans","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125711","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous reviews have consistently highlighted the shortcomings of studies evaluating the effects of microplastics (MP), with many of the issues identified in 2016 still relevant in 2024. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on MP effect testing, compare guidelines, and provide an overview of risk assessments conducted at both single species and community levels. We discuss standard test materials, MP characteristics, and mechanisms explaining effects. We have observed that the quality of MP effect studies is gradually improving, and knowledge on enhancing these studies is available. Recommendations include data rescaling and alignment for ecological risk assessment, with preference for using environmentally relevant MPs. A step-by-step protocol for creating polydisperse test materials is provided. Most risk assessments indicate that concentrations observed in ecosystems globally exceed the effect thresholds measured in the laboratory. However, using a higher-tier approach, no risks are expected for freshwater benthic communities at current MP exposure concentrations. Evidence on the mechanisms behind adverse effects is growing; however, more well-designed experiments are needed. A potential solution might involve comparing natural particles with MPs that are as similar in dimensions as possible, providing insight into the mechanisms of food dilution where volume is a critical determinant of toxicity.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125684
Bong Gu Lee, KiHeon Jeong, Han Eol Kim, Min-Kyeong Yeo
Airborne fungi are major contributors to substandard indoor air quality, with potential implications for public health, especially in public facilities. The risk of chronic exposure can be significantly reduced by accurately predicting airborne fungal concentrations. To manage indoor air quality, we developed machine learning (ML) models that predict airborne fungal concentrations in public facilities by utilizing environmental variables, such as facility type, floor, month, air temperature, relative humidity, coarse particulate matter (PM)2.5–10, and 2-day accumulated precipitation. A gene-based assay with high specificity and sensitivity was used to measure the fungal concentrations. The Gradient Boosting (GB) model exhibited superior performance among the seven developed models, achieving an R2 of 0.78 on the test set. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was performed to evaluate the significance of the features. According to our findings, day care centers had the most substantial influence on fungal concentrations compared to those of other facilities. The impact of the 2-day accumulated below-average precipitation was more significant than that of extreme precipitation in increasing fungal concentrations. Furthermore, fungal concentrations were positively correlated with air temperature, coarse PM2.5–10, and relative humidity. Based on these findings, we may provide fundamental insights into airborne fungal concentrations and the environmental variables that influence them, while the GB model developed herein can serve as a tool for assessing microbial contamination in public facilities.
{"title":"Machine learning models for predicting indoor airborne fungal concentrations in public facilities utilizing environmental variables","authors":"Bong Gu Lee, KiHeon Jeong, Han Eol Kim, Min-Kyeong Yeo","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125684","url":null,"abstract":"Airborne fungi are major contributors to substandard indoor air quality, with potential implications for public health, especially in public facilities. The risk of chronic exposure can be significantly reduced by accurately predicting airborne fungal concentrations. To manage indoor air quality, we developed machine learning (ML) models that predict airborne fungal concentrations in public facilities by utilizing environmental variables, such as facility type, floor, month, air temperature, relative humidity, coarse particulate matter (PM)<sub>2.5–10</sub>, and 2-day accumulated precipitation. A gene-based assay with high specificity and sensitivity was used to measure the fungal concentrations. The Gradient Boosting (GB) model exhibited superior performance among the seven developed models, achieving an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.78 on the test set. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was performed to evaluate the significance of the features. According to our findings, day care centers had the most substantial influence on fungal concentrations compared to those of other facilities. The impact of the 2-day accumulated below-average precipitation was more significant than that of extreme precipitation in increasing fungal concentrations. Furthermore, fungal concentrations were positively correlated with air temperature, coarse PM<sub>2.5–10</sub>, and relative humidity. Based on these findings, we may provide fundamental insights into airborne fungal concentrations and the environmental variables that influence them, while the GB model developed herein can serve as a tool for assessing microbial contamination in public facilities.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125712
Taylor LZuu, Igor Lehnherr, Carmen Wong, Heidi Swanson
The Kokanee salmon population in Kluane National Park and Reserve (Yukon Territory) declined significantly between 2002 and 2012. Elevated levels of selenium (Se), which can affect fish reproduction, were recently measured in waters used by spawning Kokanee. To investigate whether Se may be contributing to long-term population declines, and in the absence of long-term data on aqueous Se concentrations, Se concentrations in sagittal otoliths – fish ear-bones that chronicle lifetime exposure – were measured and compared in Kokanee sampled in 1981 (a year with many spawners) and 2019-2021. Post-spawn Kokanee in 2019-2021 were also sampled for dorsal muscle and eggs. Selenium concentrations in otoliths indicate that Kokanee experience greater exposure to Se in the final year of life (represented by the distal otolith region) than in the first year of life (p<0.001). Furthermore, 2021 Kokanee had greater Se concentrations in the distal otolith region, implying greater end-of-life exposure, compared to 1981 Kokanee (p<0.01). While Se concentrations in the distal otolith region were positively related to Se concentrations in muscle tissue (p<0.0001) and eggs (p<0.01), the former was also affected by inter-annual differences in muscle lipid content, and thus historic Se exposure in the 1981 population could not be accurately estimated from otolith Se concentrations alone. Mean muscle Se concentrations increased from 2019 to 2021 (p<0.001), and ∼30% of Kokanee across all years (n=43) had Se levels exceeding muscle and/or egg tissue guidelines for the protection of aquatic biota. This is one of the first studies to relate Se concentrations in otoliths and soft tissues, the latter of which are an important endpoint for assessing Se toxicity. Our study demonstrates that otoliths can be a powerful tool for reconstructing Se in fish populations where historical data are limited, if inter-annual differences in the otolith-soft tissue relationship can be quantified.
{"title":"Using Otoliths to Understand Historic and Contemporary Selenium Exposure in Kokanee Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Kluane National Park and Reserve, Yukon Territory","authors":"Taylor LZuu, Igor Lehnherr, Carmen Wong, Heidi Swanson","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125712","url":null,"abstract":"The Kokanee salmon population in Kluane National Park and Reserve (Yukon Territory) declined significantly between 2002 and 2012. Elevated levels of selenium (Se), which can affect fish reproduction, were recently measured in waters used by spawning Kokanee. To investigate whether Se may be contributing to long-term population declines, and in the absence of long-term data on aqueous Se concentrations, Se concentrations in sagittal otoliths – fish ear-bones that chronicle lifetime exposure – were measured and compared in Kokanee sampled in 1981 (a year with many spawners) and 2019-2021. Post-spawn Kokanee in 2019-2021 were also sampled for dorsal muscle and eggs. Selenium concentrations in otoliths indicate that Kokanee experience greater exposure to Se in the final year of life (represented by the distal otolith region) than in the first year of life (<em>p</em><0.001). Furthermore, 2021 Kokanee had greater Se concentrations in the distal otolith region, implying greater end-of-life exposure, compared to 1981 Kokanee (p<0.01). While Se concentrations in the distal otolith region were positively related to Se concentrations in muscle tissue (<em>p</em><0.0001) and eggs (<em>p</em><0.01), the former was also affected by inter-annual differences in muscle lipid content, and thus historic Se exposure in the 1981 population could not be accurately estimated from otolith Se concentrations alone. Mean muscle Se concentrations increased from 2019 to 2021 (<em>p</em><0.001), and ∼30% of Kokanee across all years (<em>n</em>=43) had Se levels exceeding muscle and/or egg tissue guidelines for the protection of aquatic biota. This is one of the first studies to relate Se concentrations in otoliths and soft tissues, the latter of which are an important endpoint for assessing Se toxicity. Our study demonstrates that otoliths can be a powerful tool for reconstructing Se in fish populations where historical data are limited, if inter-annual differences in the otolith-soft tissue relationship can be quantified.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"306 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of biofuel blends with fossil fuels is widespread globally, raising concerns over novel contamination types in environments impacted by these mixtures. This study investigates the microbial functional in soils contaminated by biofuel and fossil fuel blends and subjected to various bioremediation treatments. Using metagenomic analysis, it was compared hydrocarbon degradation functional profiles across areas polluted with ethanol/gasoline and biodiesel/diesel blends. Results indicate that long-term natural attenuation areas exhibited distinct functional profiles compared to actively bioremediated areas. However, same hydrocarbon degradation genes were enriched across all areas, highlighting functional redundancy despite taxonomic variation in hydrocarbon-degrading microbes. Finally, several of the keystone species found were hydrocarbon degraders, such as members of the families Clostridiaceae and Comamonadaceae, representing potential targets for biostimulation in future remediation efforts. This long-term, field-scale study uniquely focuses on the functional profiles of microbial communities, offering new insights into the bioremediation of complex biofuel/fossil fuel contaminants in situ.
{"title":"Long-term microbial functional responses in soil contaminated with biofuel/fossil fuel blends triggered by different bioremediation treatments","authors":"K.J. Hidalgo, L.G. Cueva, A.J. Giachini, M.R. Schneider, A.U. Soriano, M.P. Baessa, L.F. Martins, V.M. Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125685","url":null,"abstract":"The use of biofuel blends with fossil fuels is widespread globally, raising concerns over novel contamination types in environments impacted by these mixtures. This study investigates the microbial functional in soils contaminated by biofuel and fossil fuel blends and subjected to various bioremediation treatments. Using metagenomic analysis, it was compared hydrocarbon degradation functional profiles across areas polluted with ethanol/gasoline and biodiesel/diesel blends. Results indicate that long-term natural attenuation areas exhibited distinct functional profiles compared to actively bioremediated areas. However, same hydrocarbon degradation genes were enriched across all areas, highlighting functional redundancy despite taxonomic variation in hydrocarbon-degrading microbes. Finally, several of the keystone species found were hydrocarbon degraders, such as members of the families Clostridiaceae and Comamonadaceae, representing potential targets for biostimulation in future remediation efforts. This long-term, field-scale study uniquely focuses on the functional profiles of microbial communities, offering new insights into the bioremediation of complex biofuel/fossil fuel contaminants in situ.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pollution within the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus has a profound impact on environmental health, human well-being, and the sustainability of essential resource systems. This study seeks to highlight the crucial link between pollution and the WEF nexus, aiming to inform authorities and policymakers to foster the development of sustainable policies. The research employed a comprehensive systematic review methodology, utilizing the Scopus database to identify 2,524 relevant peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2023. After scrutiny, 63 studies on pollution within the WEF nexus were selected. The analysis focuses on three dimensions: pollution sources, their interconnectedness, and feedback loops within the Water-Energy (WE), Energy-Food (EF), and Water-Food (WF) sub-nexuses. This study explores the intricate dynamics of air and water pollution, food waste, wastewater, and industrial emissions, uncovering their interconnected impacts and the risks they pose to sustainability and human health. The findings emphasize the need for integrated cross-sector policies and highlight the critical role of future research in enhancing resource efficiency, fostering cross-sector collaboration, and guiding sustainable policy development to address these interconnected challenges.
{"title":"Interrelated Issues within the Water-Energy-Food Nexus with a Focus on Environmental Pollution for Sustainable Development: A Review","authors":"Kazem Javan, Mariam Darestani, Ibrar Ibrar, Gloria Pignatta","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125706","url":null,"abstract":"Pollution within the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus has a profound impact on environmental health, human well-being, and the sustainability of essential resource systems. This study seeks to highlight the crucial link between pollution and the WEF nexus, aiming to inform authorities and policymakers to foster the development of sustainable policies. The research employed a comprehensive systematic review methodology, utilizing the Scopus database to identify 2,524 relevant peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2023. After scrutiny, 63 studies on pollution within the WEF nexus were selected. The analysis focuses on three dimensions: pollution sources, their interconnectedness, and feedback loops within the Water-Energy (WE), Energy-Food (EF), and Water-Food (WF) sub-nexuses. This study explores the intricate dynamics of air and water pollution, food waste, wastewater, and industrial emissions, uncovering their interconnected impacts and the risks they pose to sustainability and human health. The findings emphasize the need for integrated cross-sector policies and highlight the critical role of future research in enhancing resource efficiency, fostering cross-sector collaboration, and guiding sustainable policy development to address these interconnected challenges.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Given the leveling off of PM2.5, the coordinated control of PM2.5 and O3 has become a critical challenge in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region. Here, we leveraged long-term observation data spanning 2013 to 2023 to reveal spatiotemporal heterogeneity, provincial spatial correlation, and driving factors influencing PM2.5 and O3 integrating Moran’s Index and correlation analysis. Additionally, sensitivity experiments on precursor emission reduction focusing on both overall and key sources were conducted by combining WRF-CAMx models and the empirical kinetic modeling approach (EKMA), and synergistic emission reduction pathways were proposed during periods of combined pollution. The findings indicated that PM2.5 and MDA8 O3 exhibited strong positive spatial autocorrelation, with high-high agglomeration region predominantly distributed in the BTH region and central China. PM2.5 and O3 concentrations and their corresponding dominant days have exhibited declining and fluctuating upward trends from 2013 to 2023, respectively. While combined pollution days have significantly alleviated in 2020-2023, severe cases have still occurred in various cities. The correlation between PM2.5, O3, and meteorological factors varied markedly across cities and seasons, with noteworthy differences in concentrations, exceedance rates, and meteorological thresholds. During the combined pollution episode, the EKMA revealed that O3 formation in Beijing was in a VOC-limited regime. By comparing PM2.5, O3 and sAQI variations response to the different emission reduction pathways, both the “VOCs only” and “NOx only” path has inevitable limitations. Furthermore, the VOC/NOx ratio = 2:1 and 3:1 path was required to ensure that both PM2.5 and O3 are below 75 μg/m3 and 160 μg/m3, respectively, with 82.7% and 92.2% reduction of total VOCs and NOx emissions. For the key source, focusing on reducing industrial VOCs proved more effective in improving air quality. These findings highlighted the importance of strengthening NOx emission reduction to shift O3-precursor sensitivity toward the NOx-limited regime for PM2.5 and O3 co-control.
{"title":"Impacts of meteorology and precursor emission change on PM2.5 and O3 and identification of synergistic emission reduction pathway: A case of combined pollution event in Beijing, China","authors":"Hanyu Zhang, Wantong Guo, Ruipeng Wang, Xuejun Wang, Wenxing Shan, Zhiliang Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125704","url":null,"abstract":"Given the leveling off of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, the coordinated control of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> has become a critical challenge in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region. Here, we leveraged long-term observation data spanning 2013 to 2023 to reveal spatiotemporal heterogeneity, provincial spatial correlation, and driving factors influencing PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> integrating Moran’s Index and correlation analysis. Additionally, sensitivity experiments on precursor emission reduction focusing on both overall and key sources were conducted by combining WRF-CAMx models and the empirical kinetic modeling approach (EKMA), and synergistic emission reduction pathways were proposed during periods of combined pollution. The findings indicated that PM<sub>2.5</sub> and MDA8 O<sub>3</sub> exhibited strong positive spatial autocorrelation, with high-high agglomeration region predominantly distributed in the BTH region and central China. PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> concentrations and their corresponding dominant days have exhibited declining and fluctuating upward trends from 2013 to 2023, respectively. While combined pollution days have significantly alleviated in 2020-2023, severe cases have still occurred in various cities. The correlation between PM<sub>2.5</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, and meteorological factors varied markedly across cities and seasons, with noteworthy differences in concentrations, exceedance rates, and meteorological thresholds. During the combined pollution episode, the EKMA revealed that O<sub>3</sub> formation in Beijing was in a VOC-limited regime. By comparing PM<sub>2.5</sub>, O<sub>3</sub> and sAQI variations response to the different emission reduction pathways, both the “VOCs only” and “NOx only” path has inevitable limitations. Furthermore, the VOC/NOx ratio = 2:1 and 3:1 path was required to ensure that both PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> are below 75 μg/m<sup>3</sup> and 160 μg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively, with 82.7% and 92.2% reduction of total VOCs and NOx emissions. For the key source, focusing on reducing industrial VOCs proved more effective in improving air quality. These findings highlighted the importance of strengthening NOx emission reduction to shift O<sub>3</sub>-precursor sensitivity toward the NOx-limited regime for PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> co-control.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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