Consumption of Milk Beverages Reduces Iron, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Calcium, and B Vitamins Inadequacies in Pakistani School-Aged Children from Sindh and Punjab: A Diet Modeling Study

IF 3.8 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Current Developments in Nutrition Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104435
Myriam C Afeiche , Diane Zimmermann , Laurence Donato-Capel , Baseer Khan Achakzai , Tsz Ning Mak
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Abstract

Background

Only 47% of households in Pakistan’s Sindh and Punjab provinces are food secure. More than 80% of 5–9 y old children are below recommended intakes of calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin A and vitamin D. Although 89% consume dairy products daily, only 3% comply with Pakistan’s recommended dairy consumption of 2–3 servings/d.

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the theoretical impact of substituting or adding fortified milk and/or buffalo milk in the diets of Pakistani school-aged children to address nutrient inadequacy.

Methods

Dairy consumption and nutrient intakes were calculated using dietary data collected from 5842 children via a 24-h diet recall in the School-age Children Health and Nutrition Survey conducted in Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan between 2019 and 2020. Given daily intakes documented in the School-age Children Health and Nutrition Survey, 2 modeling scenarios were applied to test the impact on nutrient intakes of 1) substituting current milk (buffalo, cow, and goat) consumption (volume by volume) with a fortified milk beverage and 2) adding a fortified milk beverage or buffalo milk to current consumption to meet dairy consumption recommendations.

Results

The hypothetical substitution of current milk consumption with fortified milk lowered nutrient inadequacies for vitamin C (by 86%), vitamin A (by 45%), thiamin (by 26%), riboflavin (by 14%), vitamin B6 (by 13%), calcium (by 8%), and iron (by 7%), compared to baseline (relative percent reduction). Among children consuming <2 dairy servings/d, theoretically adding buffalo milk had a positive contribution to calcium, phosphorous, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C, riboflavin, niacin, and folate; theoretically adding fortified milk additionally reduced inadequacies of iron, thiamin, vitamin B6, and greatly reduced vitamin C inadequacy.

Conclusions

Buffalo milk and fortified milk each have their own value in closing nutrient gaps. Increasing their consumption can be integrated into a multi-pronged public health strategy (including fortified foods, ensuring food security, and diet diversity) to tackle nutrient inadequacies in children.

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饮用牛奶饮料可减少巴基斯坦信德省和旁遮普省学龄儿童铁、维生素 A、维生素 C、钙和 B 族维生素的不足:饮食模型研究
背景在巴基斯坦信德省和旁遮普省,只有 47% 的家庭有粮食安全保障。虽然89%的儿童每天食用乳制品,但只有3%的儿童符合巴基斯坦推荐的每天2-3份乳制品的食用量。本研究的目的是评估在巴基斯坦学龄儿童的膳食中替代或添加强化牛奶和/或水牛奶以解决营养素不足问题的理论影响。方法 利用2019年至2020年期间在巴基斯坦信德省和旁遮普省进行的学龄儿童健康和营养调查中通过24小时饮食回忆收集到的5842名儿童的饮食数据,计算奶制品消费量和营养素摄入量。根据学龄儿童健康与营养调查中记录的每日摄入量,我们采用了两种建模方案来测试以下两种方案对营养素摄入量的影响:1)用强化乳饮料替代当前的牛奶(水牛奶、牛奶和山羊奶)消费量(按体积计算);2)在当前消费量的基础上添加强化乳饮料或水牛奶,以满足乳制品消费建议。结果与基线相比,假设用强化牛奶替代目前的牛奶消费,维生素C(减少86%)、维生素A(减少45%)、硫胺素(减少26%)、核黄素(减少14%)、维生素B6(减少13%)、钙(减少8%)和铁(减少7%)的营养素不足率降低了(相对减少百分比)。在每天饮用 2 份奶制品的儿童中,理论上添加水牛奶对钙、磷、锌、维生素 A、维生素 C、核黄素、烟酸和叶酸有积极的促进作用;理论上添加强化牛奶可额外减少铁、硫胺素和维生素 B6 的不足,并大大减少维生素 C 的不足。增加它们的消费量可纳入多管齐下的公共卫生战略(包括强化食品、确保粮食安全和膳食多样性),以解决儿童营养素不足的问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Current Developments in Nutrition
Current Developments in Nutrition NUTRITION & DIETETICS-
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
4.20%
发文量
1327
审稿时长
8 weeks
期刊最新文献
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