Current Developments in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"The Rate of Cortisol Decline After Consuming a High-Fat Test Meal for Breakfast Partially Explained Sex-Dependent Variation in Post Ingestive Cardiovascular Status","authors":"Kevin D Laugero ,&nbsp;Ryan G Snodgrass ,&nbsp;Nancy L Keim","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Circulating cortisol concentrations are connected to diet and the neurological systems that regulate food intake. Skipping breakfast can diminish the typical drop in circulating cortisol concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Determine <em>1</em>) whether overnight fasted males and females differ in salivary cortisol (CORT) dynamics after consuming a high-fat test meal, <em>2</em>) if these differences in postprandial (PP) CORT explain variation in cardiovascular status later in the day, and <em>3</em>) whether PP CORT mediates sex-based differences in cardiovascular status.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study examined &gt;300 male and female participants. The recruitment sampling scheme consisted of sex (male and female) × age (18‒33 y, 34‒49 y, 50‒65 y) × BMI (normal weight: 18.5‒24.99, overweight: 25‒29.99, and obese: 30‒39.99). The study test visit was conducted at the USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center and included a high-fat test meal, an emotion-induction (anger recall) task, and collection of blood, saliva, self-reported mood, and physiological information under fasted, PP, and post anger-recall conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After an overnight fast and following the test meal, PP CORT descended significantly (<em>P</em>_{time × sex} = 0.00008) more sharply in females compared with males. Fasting CORT did not differ (<em>P</em> = 0.620) between males and females, but females displayed lower CORT at 30 min (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.007), 60 min (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.005), and 90 min (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.010) following the test meal. Higher PP CORT associated with elevated anger-induced heart rate (β: 0.050 ± 0.022; <em>P</em> = 0.0232), elevated anger-induced sympathetic tone (β: 0.232 ± 0.105; <em>P</em> = 0.0282), and lower endothelial function (β: ‒0.1637 ± 0.0698; <em>P</em> = 0.0197). Endothelial function, and anger-induced heart rate and sympathetic tone differed between males and females, with variation in PP CORT partially explaining these sex-based differences.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The magnitude of CORT decline after consuming the first daily meal may contribute to sex-based differences in downstream cardiovascular reactivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 107655"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147376361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition for Older Adults: Perspectives on Dietary Guidance for Healthy Aging","authors":"Sarah L Booth ,&nbsp;Wayne W Campbell ,&nbsp;Elena Volpi ,&nbsp;Luigi Ferrucci ,&nbsp;Pamela Starke-Reed ,&nbsp;Regan Bailey ,&nbsp;Connie Watkins Bales ,&nbsp;Aron Keith Barbey ,&nbsp;In-Young Choi ,&nbsp;Denise K Houston ,&nbsp;Paul F Jacques ,&nbsp;Richard Mattes ,&nbsp;Blake B Rasmussen ,&nbsp;Katherine L Tucker","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The world is rapidly aging. It is projected that the “young old” (i.e., 60+ y) population will double by 2050 and the “older old” (i.e., 80+ y) will nearly triple. Greater life expectancy has been accompanied by more chronic health conditions and disabilities, especially those that are related to diet and lifestyle. Although people are living longer, their healthy life expectancy has not kept pace, meaning that more years are spent in poorer health—thus, the need to identify targets to increase “health span.” Nutrition plays a critical role in aging healthfully. However, the aging process is accompanied by unique physiological, social, and contextual factors that impact the nutritional needs of the aging population—requiring more specific and tailored dietary recommendations. To examine the complexity of diet within the aging population, the <em>Nutrition and Wellness Science Forum: Exploring the Journey to Healthy Aging</em> was held in Washington, D.C. to focus on scientific evidence and research gaps surrounding dietary intakes and nutrient adequacy among older adults, as well as the role of nutrition in musculoskeletal, cardiometabolic, and cognitive health. Discussions also addressed the need for culturally appropriate dietary assessment methods and interventions that reflect the heterogeneity and diversity of older adults, as well as the importance of the food system. This review summarizes the forum’s key themes, discussions, and identified research gaps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 107658"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147449704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The Role of Beef for the Lowest Cost and Adequate Provision of Bioavailable Nutrients in Modeled Diets at a Population Level in the United States” Current Developments in Nutrition, Volume 9, Issue 12, 107604, Dec 2025","authors":"Sylvia MS Chungchunlam,&nbsp;Paul J Moughan","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107666","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 107666"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147449705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Dietary Patterns with Incident Type 2 Diabetes Among Migrant and Nonmigrant Ghanaian Populations in the Prospective Research on Obesity and Diabetes in African Migrants (RODAM-Pros) Study","authors":"Lambert Tetteh Appiah ,&nbsp;Mary Nicolaou ,&nbsp;Eva L van der Linden ,&nbsp;Felix P Chilunga ,&nbsp;Erik Beune ,&nbsp;Karlijn AC Meeks ,&nbsp;Samuel N Darko ,&nbsp;Ellis Owusu-Dabo ,&nbsp;Bert-Jan van den Born ,&nbsp;Charles Agyemang","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Limited longitudinal knowledge exists between dietary patterns (DPs) in Africans and the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D).</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We investigated the association between 3 prevalent DPs among Ghanaians and incident T2D across geographical contexts</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>One thousand three hundred and fifty-three participants from the prospective Research on Obesity and Diabetes in African Migrants study were followed up for a median duration of 6.7 (6.4, 6.9) y. Three previously established DPs from our baseline data (i.e., “mixed pattern,” “animal pattern,” and “roots and tubers pattern”) were used, and T2D incidence was determined based on World Health Organization criteria. Poisson regression models were used to analyze the associations between terciles of these DPs and incident T2D at follow-up among the entire population, by geographical context, and by sex, accounting for important covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study revealed a significant association between the “animal DP” and incident T2D among the total population compared to the lower tercile of intake [incidence rate ratio (IRR) was 2.72; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18, 6.28 in the upper tercile and 3.33; 95% CI: 1.55, 7.17 in the middle tercile]. However, when disaggregated by study site (rural Ghana, urban Ghana, and Amsterdam), these associations did not reach statistical significance, likely due to reduced statistical power in the stratified analyses. There was significant interaction between animal DP and sex, with increased risks among females (IRR: 6.76; 95% CI: 1.36, 39.5). Also, a higher intake of root, tubers, and plantain DP tercile was associated with a lower risk of T2D, although not statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We observed a positive association between adherence to an animal DP and the incidence of T2D, particularly among females. Dietary modifications toward a lesser consumption of an animal-pattern diet may reduce risk of T2D at the population level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 107652"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual Characteristics and National Income Modify the Association between Cognitive Social Capital and Food Insecurity: Evidence from the Gallup World Poll, 2014–2021","authors":"Sejla Isanovic ,&nbsp;Kegan O’Connor ,&nbsp;Audrey L Richards ,&nbsp;Edward A Frongillo","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Food insecurity affects &gt;2.4 billion people globally and persists across income levels. Characteristics such as low income, low education, and unstable employment do not fully explain this persistence. Social resources embedded in networks, specifically cognitive social capital involving trust, reciprocity, and support, may offset constraints and buffer characteristics associated with a higher probability of food insecurity.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study examined whether social capital was associated with a lower probability of food insecurity and whether this association varied by individual characteristics and country contexts, consistent with buffering and compensation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were drawn from the Gallup World Poll (2014–2021), comprising 702,850 respondents aged ≥15 y across 115 countries. Moderate or severe food insecurity was assessed using the 8-item Food Insecurity Experience Scale; social capital was measured using a binary indicator. Six individual-level characteristics were tested using multilevel linear probability models with country fixed effects and interaction terms. Country-specific slope coefficients capturing the association between social capital and food insecurity, obtained from a random-coefficient model, were regressed on log-transformed gross national income (GNI) per capita.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean probability of food insecurity was 0.259; the mean prevalence of social capital was 0.820. In all countries, higher social capital was associated with a lower probability of food insecurity (slopes −0.318 to −0.055); quadratic analysis of the slopes on log-transformed GNI per capita showed consistent slopes in low- and middle-income countries and steeper slopes in high-income countries (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Among individuals, associations were largest with primary education (−16.96 pp), low income, unemployment (−20.4 pp), poor health (−18.44 pp), and widowhood (−19.68 pp).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The strength of the negative association between social capital and food insecurity varied by individual characteristics and national income, consistent with buffering and compensation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 107654"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147376308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “P11-034-25 Efficacy of a Functional Food Supplement With Grape, Soy Protein, and Edamame as an Adjuvant Treatment in the Management of Patients With Hepatitis C.”[Current Developments in Nutrition 9, Suppl 2 (2025) 107351:549]","authors":"Luis Galindo Mendoza ,&nbsp;Kieu Hoang","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107650","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 107650"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147410931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Casein- and Soy-Based High-Protein Diets Differentially Affect Insulin Resistance and Adipose Tissue Advanced Glycation End Product Accumulation in Obese Diabetic Mice","authors":"Yoshie Shiraga ,&nbsp;Yusaku Mori ,&nbsp;Naoya Osaka ,&nbsp;Michishige Terasaki ,&nbsp;Hironori Yashima ,&nbsp;Tomomi Saito ,&nbsp;Daiki Tanno ,&nbsp;Madoka Ogino ,&nbsp;Makoto Ohara ,&nbsp;Sho-ichi Yamagishi","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Replacing dietary carbohydrates with protein has been proposed as a nutritional strategy to improve glycemic control and reduce obesity in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, high-protein diets (HPDs) may also facilitate the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), pathogenic molecules associated with insulin resistance and various diabetic complications.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study investigated the effects of animal- and plant-based high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets on insulin resistance and tissue AGE accumulation in obese diabetic mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Male KK-Ay mice were fed either a standard diet (STD; 64% carbohydrate and 20% casein of total energy) or casein- and soy-based HPDs (casein-HPD and soy-HPD; 43% carbohydrate and 41% casein or soy protein of total energy, respectively) for 12 wk. Blood, urine, epididymal adipose tissue, and kidneys were collected for biochemical, histological, and molecular analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with the STD, the casein-HPD reduced glycated hemoglobin concentrations (12.4% compared with 9.9%) without affecting body weight gain or energy intake, but it significantly exacerbated insulin resistance (467% increase compared with STD). In epididymal adipose tissue, the casein-HPD–induced marked accumulation of glyceraldehyde-derived AGEs (glycer-AGEs), a highly toxic subtype, accompanied by increased oxidative stress, macrophage infiltration, and reduced adiponectin expression. The casein-HPD also modestly impaired renal function and increased renal glycer-AGE and oxidative stress concentrations without affecting proteinuria or structural changes. In contrast, the soy-HPD did not alter glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance, renal function, or tissue AGE accumulation. All diets contained negligible glycer-AGE concentrations, indicating that endogenous formation was selectively enhanced by the casein-HPD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A casein-HPD was associated with greater insulin resistance in this model, concurrent with increased glycer-AGE accumulation in visceral adipose tissue, whereas the soy-HPD did not result in substantial differences compared with the STD. These observations suggest that the metabolic effects of HPDs may differ depending on the protein source.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 107647"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BMI Was Maintained Among Women with Low Incomes in Indiana Who Participated in Food Assistance and/or Federal Nutrition Education Over 1 Year","authors":"Yue Qin ,&nbsp;Bruce A Craig ,&nbsp;Regan L Bailey ,&nbsp;Angela R Abbott ,&nbsp;Blake A Connolly ,&nbsp;Heather A Eicher-Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Longer-term (≥1 y) associations between federal food assistance and federal nutrition education with BMI are unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This exploratory study determined the relationship of participation in a federal nutrition education intervention and self-selected food assistance program participation, and their combination on BMI for ≥1 y.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Women (≥18 y) from Indiana, the United States were experimentally assigned to receive federal nutrition education of the United States (US) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) program, including the 4 lessons fulfilling SNAP-Ed guidance (<em>n</em> = 59) or not (<em>n</em> = 47), or to a control group, in this longitudinal study from August 2015 till May 2017 (registered at <span><span>www.clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> as NCT03436784). Food assistance participation was self-selected. Main outcomes were averaged triplicate measured height and weight for BMI at baseline and 1-y by trained paraprofessionals. Analysis included mixed linear models comparing BMI over time by participation in the intervention or not, food assistance or not, or combinations of both programs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Obesity was classified for most participants (&gt;60%) at both time points. BMI did not differ, nor were differences observed in BMI change &gt;1 y based on receiving SNAP-Ed, food assistance programs, or their combination.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Weight was constant &gt;1 y regardless of receiving federal nutrition education, food assistance programs, or their combination, suggesting neither these programs nor their combination cause weight gain among low-income US women in this preliminary study of these interventions among this sample.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 107651"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147354192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Supplementation with Red Rooibos Tea on Body Composition, Metabolic Outcomes, and Movement in Ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley Rats","authors":"Rebekah S Feld ,&nbsp;Mitchell A Ianiero ,&nbsp;Matthew K Goncharow ,&nbsp;Dawson B Kays ,&nbsp;Sara Madanat ,&nbsp;Rebecca EK MacPherson ,&nbsp;Brian D Roy ,&nbsp;Wendy E Ward","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2026.107656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Menopause is associated with increases in visceral adipose tissue, reductions in lean mass, and a reduced energy expenditure. The ovariectomized (OVX) rat model can be used to model these changes and to test potential interventions that may attenuate this response. Red rooibos (RR), due to its high polyphenol content, may counter the effect of low estrogen concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine if consumption of RR can blunt the changes to body composition, metabolic outcomes, and movement that occur in the OVX rat model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty-six female, 6-mo-old, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (<em>n</em> = 14 per group): SHAM-WATER (sham surgery and consumed water without RR), SHAM-RR, OVX-WATER, and OVX-RR. RR (2.6 g RR per kilogram body mass) was provided <em>ad libitum</em> for 12 wk. At baseline and endpoint, body composition was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and metabolic measures and movement were measured using a Promethion metabolic caging system.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>RR did not attenuate OVX-induced changes. As expected, OVX resulted in a higher whole-body percent fat mass, a lower percent lean mass, and a higher body mass than SHAM rats (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). At the endpoint, OVX rats had a higher ovarian adipose tissue mass and inguinal adipose tissue mass (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) with a trend for reduced brown adipose tissue mass than SHAM rats (<em>P</em> = 0.072). There were no differences between groups for metabolic measures (energy expenditure, gas exchange). OVX rats also had a trend of a long lounge time (<em>P</em> = 0.065) and total lounge time (<em>P</em> = 0.070) compared with SHAM.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>RR intervention did not attenuate the changes to body composition, metabolic, or movement outcomes observed in the OVX group. This study provides insights into the progression of body composition and metabolic changes in the OVX rat model, contributing to a better understanding of the physiological impacts of estrogen deficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 107656"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147354114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Does Survey Timing Influence Apparent Wasting Trends? A Case Study from Senegal","authors":"Karan S Shakya ,&nbsp;Leah Bevis ,&nbsp;Rebecca A Heidkamp ,&nbsp;Andrew L Thorne-Lyman","doi":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Child wasting is known to exhibit seasonal patterns, but few studies have examined how the seasonality of wasting affects tracking of wasting trends over multiyear periods.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We explored the seasonality of wasting in Senegal relative to multiyear changes and examined implications for tracking. We tested whether month-fixed effects reduced bias in estimating longer-term wasting trends given variation in survey timing.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The average prevalence of child wasting (weight-for-height <em>z</em>-score &lt; −2) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by month and year from the continuous Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from 2012–2019. Peak and low wasting season estimates were defined as the 4 highest and the 4 lowest months of average wasting prevalence. Month-adjusted annual wasting estimates were generated using month-fixed effects linear regression, and the effectiveness of this method of bias adjustment was examined in simulated datasets.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nationally, wasting fluctuated from 2013–2019, with the lowest annual prevalence of 6.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.1, 7.0%) recorded in 2014 and the highest in 2017 at 9.0% (95% CI: 8.3, 9.8%). Pooled across years, the peak wasting season prevalence was 8.8% (95% CI: 8.3, 9.3%), and low wasting season prevalence was 6.4% (95% CI: 5.7, 7.1%). Month-adjusted wasting estimates did not differ notably from raw wasting prevalence estimates. Simulations demonstrated that adjusting for months reduces bias in wasting when surveys are conducted 1 or 2 mo apart across waves but fails to reliably do so when surveys are conducted in different seasons across waves.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Seasonal fluctuations in the prevalence of wasting can be large enough to bias the interpretation of multiyear trends. Efforts should be made to conduct national surveys at the same time of year. Seasonality adjustment using month-fixed effects works more reliably when the differences in survey periods across waves are minimal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10756,"journal":{"name":"Current Developments in Nutrition","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 104480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147410875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}