The MdCo gene encodes a putative 2OG-Fe (II) oxygenase that positively regulates salt tolerance in transgenic tomato and apple

Abstract

Salinity stress is a significant environmental factor that impacts the growth, development, quality, and yield of crops. The 2OG-Fe (II) oxygenase family of enzyme proteins plays crucial roles in plant growth and stress responses. Previously, we identified and characterized MdCo, which encodes a putative 2OG-Fe (II) oxygenase, a key gene for controlling the columnar growth habit of apples. In this study, we explored the role of MdCo in salt stress tolerance. Expression analysis suggested that MdCo exhibits high expression in roots and is significantly induced by NaCl stress. Ectopic expression of MdCo exhibited enhanced salt stress tolerance in transgenic tomatoes, and these plants were characterized by better growth performance, and higher chlorophyll content, but lower electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA), and less hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide radicals (O₂^-) under salt stress. Overexpression of MdCo can effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and up-regulating the expression of stress-associated genes under salt stress, thereby enhancing salt tolerance in apple calli. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into the function of MdCo in salt stress tolerance as well as future potential application for apple breeding aimed at improving salt stress tolerance.