Measuring and implementing mean radiant temperature in buildings: Technical review

Abstract

Mean radiant temperature (MRT) has attracted growing interest over the decades both indoors and outdoors, leading to the development of various measurement techniques and technologies. This review provides a comprehensive technical analysis of current MRT measurement methods and identifies future technologies required for effective monitoring in occupied buildings. Current sensors face notable limitations, including accuracy issues, calibration challenges and high costs associated with remote sensing techniques. While infrared sensors offer advantages in building applications, their metrological performance needs systematic validation. An analysis of 94 cases in investigated studies reveals that MRT shows significant temperature differences compared to air temperature (up to 36.8 °C) and varies distinctly to solar radiation, convection, and radiant system controls. These findings highlight the critical role of precise MRT monitoring for optimal thermal control in buildings. Recent advancements have led to the development of prototype infrared sensors for real-time application; however, challenges in device installation and continuous monitoring persist. Addressing these challenges is crucial for improving the accuracy and feasibility of MRT monitoring, ultimately enhancing thermal comfort management in occupied building environments. This review underscores the potential impact of advanced MRT monitoring technologies on building environmental control and occupant comfort.