Optimal agronomic measures combined with biochar increased rice yield through enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in soda saline-alkali fields

IF 4.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY European Journal of Agronomy Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.1016/j.eja.2024.127365
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Abstract

Soda saline-alkali stress severely hampers rice growth, nitrogen use efficiency, and yield formation. Biochar addition has been recognized as a potential solution to mitigate the adverse effects of saline-alkali stress on crops. Similarly, optimal agronomic measures are known to optimize crop growth conditions and enhance yield formation and resource utilization efficiency. Despite this knowledge, there is limited understanding of the combined effects of optimizing agronomic measures and biochar addition on ionic accumulation, nitrogen use efficiency, and rice yield in soda saline-alkali paddy fields. In this study, a 3-year field experiment was undertaken to evaluate the combined effects of optimal agronomic measures and biochar application on rice physiological properties, nitrogen use efficiency, and yield under five agronomic treatments: zero-fertilizer control (CK), farmers’ practice (FP), high-yield and high-efficiency management (OPT1), super-high-yield management (OPT2), high-yield and high-efficiency management combined with biochar (OPT1+B), and super-high-yield management combined with biochar (OPT2+B). The results demonstrate that treatments of optimal agronomic practices combined with biochar application (OPT2+B and OPT1+B) effectively reduced leaf Na+ concentration, Na+/K+ ratio, abscisic acid (ABA) concentration, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, while enhancing leaf K+ concentration, improving leaf water status, and reducing relative electrical leakage over three years. Furthermore, these combined treatments positively influenced the enzyme activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and leaf nitrogen content (LN), as well as SPAD values. Additionally, the average nitrogen agronomic use efficiency (AEn) increased by 154.71 %, 109.81 %, 50.67 %, and 32.60 % in OPT1+B, OPT2+B, OPT1, and OPT2, respectively, compared to FP, while nitrogen physiological use efficiency (PEn) decreased by 64.03 %, 58.56 %, 29.46 %, and 21.81 %. The average grain yield (GY) increased by 311.42 %, 302.86 %, 196.57 %, 178.86 %, and 133.72 % in OPT2+B, OPT1+B, OPT2, and OPT1, respectively, compared to FP. AEn exhibited positive correlations with K+, leaf water status (LWS), NR, GS, GOGAT, LN, SPAD, and GY. These findings will offer new insights into the sustainable development and utilization of soda saline-alkali lands.

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最佳农艺措施与生物炭相结合,通过提高苏打盐碱地的氮利用效率增加水稻产量
钠盐-碱胁迫严重影响水稻的生长、氮素利用效率和产量形成。添加生物炭被认为是减轻盐碱胁迫对作物不利影响的潜在解决方案。同样,最佳农艺措施也能优化作物生长条件,提高产量和资源利用效率。尽管如此,人们对优化农艺措施和添加生物炭对苏打盐碱水田中离子积累、氮利用效率和水稻产量的综合影响了解有限。本研究进行了一项为期 3 年的田间试验,以评估在五种农艺处理下,优化农艺措施和施用生物炭对水稻生理特性、氮利用效率和产量的综合影响:五种农艺处理分别是:零施肥对照(CK)、农民常规(FP)、高产高效管理(OPT1)、超高产管理(OPT2)、结合生物炭的高产高效管理(OPT1+B)和结合生物炭的超高产管理(OPT2+B)。结果表明,优化农艺措施与施用生物炭相结合的处理(OPT2+B 和 OPT1+B)在三年内有效降低了叶片 Na+浓度、Na+/K+比值、脱落酸(ABA)浓度和丙二醛(MDA)浓度,同时提高了叶片 K+浓度,改善了叶片水分状况,降低了相对漏电率。此外,这些综合处理还对硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)、叶片氮含量(LN)以及 SPAD 值产生了积极影响。此外,与FP相比,OPT1+B、OPT2+B、OPT1和OPT2的平均氮农艺利用效率(AEn)分别提高了154.71%、109.81%、50.67%和32.60%,而氮生理利用效率(PEn)分别降低了64.03%、58.56%、29.46%和21.81%。与 FP 相比,OPT2+B、OPT1+B、OPT2 和 OPT1 的平均谷物产量(GY)分别增加了 311.42 %、302.86 %、196.57 %、178.86 % 和 133.72 %。AEn 与 K+、叶片水分状况(LWS)、NR、GS、GOGAT、LN、SPAD 和 GY 呈正相关。这些发现将为苏打盐碱地的可持续发展和利用提供新的启示。
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来源期刊
European Journal of Agronomy
European Journal of Agronomy 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
7.70%
发文量
187
审稿时长
4.5 months
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Agronomy, the official journal of the European Society for Agronomy, publishes original research papers reporting experimental and theoretical contributions to field-based agronomy and crop science. The journal will consider research at the field level for agricultural, horticultural and tree crops, that uses comprehensive and explanatory approaches. The EJA covers the following topics: crop physiology crop production and management including irrigation, fertilization and soil management agroclimatology and modelling plant-soil relationships crop quality and post-harvest physiology farming and cropping systems agroecosystems and the environment crop-weed interactions and management organic farming horticultural crops papers from the European Society for Agronomy bi-annual meetings In determining the suitability of submitted articles for publication, particular scrutiny is placed on the degree of novelty and significance of the research and the extent to which it adds to existing knowledge in agronomy.
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