BTEX concentration and health risk assessment in automobile workshops

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Atmospheric Pollution Research Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI:10.1016/j.apr.2024.102306

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Abstract

This study focused on the measurement of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) concentrations in the air of indoor and outdoor environments of automobile workshops in Damghan, Iran. Air samples from twenty-five workshops were actively collected and analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID). The results showed that the concentrations of BTEX were higher in the indoor air compared to the outdoor air. The highest mean concentration of benzene (153.22 ± 34.21 μg m⁻³), toluene (94.41 ± 25.25 μg m⁻³), and xylenes (385.38 ± 34.21 μg m⁻³) was found in auto paint (AP) workshops, while the highest mean concentration of ethylbenzene (43.39 ± 12.57 μg m⁻³) was observed in auto body (AB) workshops. The significant negative correlations between benzene, ethylbenzene, xylene isomers, and relative humidity (RH) indicated that controlling humidity is an effective strategy. The mean inhalation lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) for benzene in both indoor and outdoor air of all automobile workshops exceeded the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) recommended limits. The highest mean LTCR values for benzene and ethylbenzene were observed in the AP (3.24E10-4) and AB (2.95E10-5) workshops, respectively. The hazard quotient (HQ) of benzene and Xylene in the indoor air of the AP and AB workshops was >1, which indicates that the non-carcinogenic risks associated with exposure to these compounds are considerable. This study underscores the need for international attention to BTEX pollution in automobile workshops, highlighting the global health risks. The findings provide crucial data for developing strategies to mitigate these risks and protect workers’ health.

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本研究的重点是测量伊朗达姆甘汽车修理厂室内外空气中的 BTEX（苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯）浓度。研究人员积极收集了 25 个车间的空气样本，并使用气相色谱-火焰离子化检测法（GC-FID）进行了分析。结果显示，室内空气中的 BTEX 浓度高于室外空气。苯（153.22 ± 34.21 μg m-3）、甲苯（94.41 ± 25.25 μg m-3）和二甲苯（385.38 ± 34.21 μg m-3）的平均浓度在汽车油漆（AP）车间最高，而乙苯（43.39 ± 12.57 μg m-3）的平均浓度在汽车车身（AB）车间最高。苯、乙苯、二甲苯异构体与相对湿度（RH）之间存在明显的负相关，这表明控制湿度是一种有效的策略。所有汽车修理厂室内和室外空气中苯的平均吸入终生致癌风险（LTCR）都超过了美国环保署（EPA）的建议限值。苯和乙苯的平均终生致癌风险值最高的车间分别是 AP 车间（3.24E10-4）和 AB 车间（2.95E10-5）。在 AP 和 AB 车间的室内空气中，苯和二甲苯的危害商数（HQ）为 1，这表明与接触这些化合物有关的非致癌风险相当大。这项研究强调了国际社会关注汽车维修车间中的 BTEX 污染的必要性，突出了其对全球健康的风险。研究结果为制定降低这些风险和保护工人健康的战略提供了重要数据。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Atmospheric Pollution Research ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-

CiteScore

8.30

自引率

6.70%

发文量

256

审稿时长

36 days

期刊介绍： Atmospheric Pollution Research (APR) is an international journal designed for the publication of articles on air pollution. Papers should present novel experimental results, theory and modeling of air pollution on local, regional, or global scales. Areas covered are research on inorganic, organic, and persistent organic air pollutants, air quality monitoring, air quality management, atmospheric dispersion and transport, air-surface (soil, water, and vegetation) exchange of pollutants, dry and wet deposition, indoor air quality, exposure assessment, health effects, satellite measurements, natural emissions, atmospheric chemistry, greenhouse gases, and effects on climate change.