Residential proximity to conventional and unconventional wells and exposure to indoor air volatile organic compounds in the Exposures in the Peace River Valley (EXPERIVA) study

Abstract

Background

In a previous study located in Northeastern British Columbia (Canada), we observed associations between density and proximity of oil and gas wells and indoor air concentrations of certain volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Whether conventional or unconventional well types and phases of unconventional development contribute to these associations remains unknown.

Objective

To investigate the associations between proximity-based metrics for conventional and unconventional wells and measured indoor air VOC concentrations in the Exposures in the Peace River Valley (EXPERIVA) study samples.

Methods

Eighty-four pregnant individuals participated in EXPERIVA. Passive indoor air samplers were analyzed for 47 VOCs. Oil and gas well legacy data were sourced from the British Columbia Energy Regulator. For each participant's home, 5 km, 10 km and no buffer distances were delineated, then density and Inverse Distance Square Weighted (ID²W) metrics were calculated to estimate exposure to conventional and unconventional wells during pregnancy and the VOC measurement period. Multiple linear regression models were used to test for associations between the well exposure metrics and indoor air VOCs. For exposure metrics with >30% participants having a value of 0, we dichotomized exposure (0 vs. >0) and performed ANOVAs to assess differences in mean VOCs concentrations.

Results

Analyses indicated that: 1) conventional well density and ID²W metrics were positively associated with indoor air acetone and decanal; 2) unconventional well density and ID²W metrics were positively associated with indoor air chloroform and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, and negatively associated with decanal; 3) drilling specific ID²W metrics for unconventional wells were positively associated with indoor air chloroform.

Conclusion

Our analysis revealed that the association between the exposure metrics and indoor air acetone could be attributed to conventional wells and the association between exposure metrics and indoor air chloroform and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane could be attributed to unconventional wells.