Breeding and genetics of resistance to major diseases in Cucurbita—A review

IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Crop Science Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI:10.1002/csc2.21358
Prerna Sabharwal, Shallu Thakur, Swati Shrestha, Yuqing Fu, Geoffrey Meru
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Abstract

Cucurbita crops, which include market types of pumpkin and squash, have unparalleled fruit variation and equally important economic value worldwide. Pumpkin and squash have versatile uses but are most popular in culinary, ornamental, snacking, and seed oil industries. The production of Cucurbita crops is hindered by diseases caused by fungal, oomycetes, and viral pathogens. Host resistance is an important component of integrated disease management for Cucurbita crops and is a major goal for plant breeders. This review addresses the major diseases of Cucurbita, including powdery mildew, downy mildew, Phytophthora rot, and aphid and whitefly transmitted viruses, with an emphasis on germplasm exploitation for the development of resistant cultivars. Resistance to powdery mildew derived from Cucurbita okeechobeensis subsp. martinezii (designated PM-0) has been extensively deployed in commercial cultivars and was recently mapped on chromosomes 3 and 10 of Cucurbita moschata and Cucurbita pepo, respectively. Resistance to Phytophthora crown rot is present across several Cucurbita species, including Cucurbita lundelliana, C. okeechobeenesis subsp. okeechobeenesis, C. moschata, and C. pepo. Mapping studies have identified significant loci associated with Phytophthora crown rot resistance on chromosomes 4, 11, and 20 of C. moschata and chromosomes 4, 5, 8, 12, 13, 16, and 19 of C. pepo. Sources of resistance to aphid-transmitted viruses exist in C. moschata, Cucurbita ficifolia, Cucurbita ecuadorensis, Cucurbita martinezii, C. ecuadorensis, Cucurbita maxima, and Cucurbita foetidissima. The availability of DNA markers linked to resistance against zucchini yellow mosaic virus and papaya ringspot virus in C. moschata and C. pepo has facilitated marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding programs. On the other hand, sources of resistance to tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), a major whitefly-transmitted virus in Cucurbita, have been identified in C. moschata, C. lundelliana, and C. okeechobeensis. A major locus conferring resistance to ToLCNDV in C. moschata was recently mapped on chromosome 8 enabling the application of MAS with a prediction accuracy of 94.3%. Overall, the continued discovery and application of genomic tools for resistance breeding in Cucurbita will accelerate the rate of genetic gain while reducing costs associated with phenotyping.
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葫芦主要病害抗性的育种和遗传--综述
葫芦科作物包括市场上销售的南瓜和南瓜,它们的果实变化无与伦比,在全世界具有同样重要的经济价值。南瓜和南瓜用途广泛,但在烹饪、观赏、零食和种子油行业最受欢迎。真菌、卵菌和病毒病原体引起的疾病阻碍了葫芦科作物的生产。寄主抗性是葫芦科作物综合病害管理的重要组成部分,也是植物育种者的主要目标。本综述探讨了葫芦科作物的主要病害,包括白粉病、霜霉病、根腐病、蚜虫和粉虱传播的病毒,重点是利用种质资源培育抗病栽培品种。从 Cucurbita okeechobeensis subsp. martinezii(被命名为 PM-0)中提取的白粉病抗性已被广泛应用于商业栽培品种中,最近还分别在 Cucurbita moschata 和 Cucurbita pepo 的第 3 和第 10 号染色体上绘制了图谱。对疫霉冠腐病的抗性存在于多个葫芦物种中,包括 Cucurbita lundelliana、C. okeechobeenesis subsp.制图研究在 C. moschata 的第 4、11 和 20 号染色体以及 C. pepo 的第 4、5、8、12、13、16 和 19 号染色体上发现了与蚜虫冠腐病抗性有关的重要基因座。C. moschata、Cucurbita ficifolia、Cucurbita ecuadorensis、Cucurbita martinezii、C. ecuadorensis、Cucurbita maxima 和 Cucurbita foetidissima 对蚜虫传播的病毒具有抗性。与 C. moschata 和 C. pepo 对西葫芦黄花叶病毒和木瓜环斑病毒的抗性有关的 DNA 标记的出现促进了育种计划中的标记辅助选择(MAS)。另一方面,在 C. moschata、C. lundelliana 和 C. okeechobeensis 中发现了对番茄卷叶新德里病毒(ToLCNDV)的抗性来源,该病毒是葫芦科植物中主要的粉虱传播病毒。最近在第 8 号染色体上绘制了一个主要基因座,该基因座赋予 C. moschata 对 ToLCNDV 的抗性,从而使 MAS 的预测准确率达到 94.3%。总之,在葫芦抗性育种中不断发现和应用基因组工具将加快遗传增益的速度,同时降低与表型相关的成本。
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来源期刊
Crop Science
Crop Science 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
8.70%
发文量
197
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Articles in Crop Science are of interest to researchers, policy makers, educators, and practitioners. The scope of articles in Crop Science includes crop breeding and genetics; crop physiology and metabolism; crop ecology, production, and management; seed physiology, production, and technology; turfgrass science; forage and grazing land ecology and management; genomics, molecular genetics, and biotechnology; germplasm collections and their use; and biomedical, health beneficial, and nutritionally enhanced plants. Crop Science publishes thematic collections of articles across its scope and includes topical Review and Interpretation, and Perspectives articles.
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