National trends in drug overdose mortality in Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander populations, 2018-2022

David T. Zhu, Andrew Park
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Abstract

ABSTRACT Background Drug overdose deaths have surged over the past two decades, disproportionately impacting racial/ethnic minority populations. Yet, little is known about drug overdose patterns among Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (AANHPI) populations. Methods We obtained data on drug overdose deaths and population totals from the CDC WONDER Multiple Cause of Death database and American Community Survey between 2018 and 2022. We calculated crude mortality rates per 100,000, stratified by sex, US Census Division, and drug types: prescription opioids, heroin, fentanyl, cocaine, methamphetamine, and benzodiazepines. Additionally, we conducted disaggregated analyses for six Asian American subgroups (Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese) and three NHPI subgroups (Hawaiian, Guamanian, Samoan). Results In 2022, there were 1226 drug overdose deaths among Asian Americans and 154 among NHPI individuals. The crude mortality rate for NHPI individuals (17.52 per 100,000; 95% CI: 14.76-20.29) tripled that of Asian Americans (5.85 per 100,000; 95% CI: 5.52-6.18). Fentanyl was the leading cause of overdose deaths among Asian Americans (3.17 per 100,000; 95% CI: 2.93-3.41), whereas methamphetamine was predominant among NHPI individuals (11.38 per 100,000; 95% CI: 9.15-13.61). Among Asian American subgroups, Japanese Americans had the highest mortality rate (9.90 per 100,000; 95% CI: 9.61-10.2), and among NHPI subgroups, Guamanians had the highest rates (43.16 per 100,000; 95% CI: 39.05-48.24). Conclusions These findings underscore the urgent need for culturally competent harm reduction services, mental health and addiction treatment, and social services, addressing structural barriers that perpetuate drug overdose disparities in AANHPI communities. Keywords Drug Overdose; Asian American; Native Hawaiian; Pacific Islander; Disaggregated; Racial Disparities
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2018-2022 年全国亚裔美国人、夏威夷原住民和太平洋岛民吸毒过量死亡率趋势
ABSTRACT 背景在过去二十年中,吸毒过量死亡人数激增,对少数种族/族裔人群造成了极大的影响。然而,人们对亚裔美国人和夏威夷原住民/太平洋岛民 (AANHPI) 吸毒过量的模式知之甚少。方法我们从美国疾病预防控制中心 WONDER 多死因数据库和美国社区调查中获得了 2018 年至 2022 年期间吸毒过量死亡人数和人口总数的数据。我们按性别、美国人口普查分区和药物类型(处方类阿片、海洛因、芬太尼、可卡因、甲基苯丙胺和苯二氮卓)计算了每 10 万人的粗死亡率。此外,我们还对六个亚裔美国人亚群(亚裔印度人、中国人、菲律宾人、日本人、韩国人、越南人)和三个非华裔美国人亚群(夏威夷人、关岛人、萨摩亚人)进行了分类分析。结果2022年,亚裔美国人中有1226人死于吸毒过量,而非高危人群中有154人死于吸毒过量。非华裔美国人的粗死亡率(每 10 万人 17.52 例;95% CI:14.76-20.29 例)是亚裔美国人的三倍(每 10 万人 5.85 例;95% CI:5.52-6.18 例)。芬太尼是导致亚裔美国人吸毒过量死亡的主要原因(每 100,000 人中有 3.17 人;95% CI:2.93-3.41),而甲基苯丙胺则是导致非华裔美国人吸毒过量死亡的主要原因(每 100,000 人中有 11.38 人;95% CI:9.15-13.61)。在亚裔美国人亚群体中,日裔美国人的死亡率最高(每 10 万人 9.90 例;95% CI:9.61-10.2 例),而在非高危人群亚群体中,关岛人的死亡率最高(每 10 万人 43.16 例;95% CI:39.05-48.24 例)。结论这些研究结果突出表明,迫切需要提供具有文化适应性的减低伤害服务、精神健康和成瘾治疗以及社会服务,以解决导致亚裔、非洲裔和印度裔社区吸毒过量差异长期存在的结构性障碍。关键词药物过量;亚裔美国人;夏威夷原住民;太平洋岛民;分类;种族差异
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