Advancements in Subchondral Bone Biomechanics: Insights from Computed Tomography and Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging in Equine Models

IF 4.2 2区医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Current Osteoporosis Reports Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI:10.1007/s11914-024-00886-y

Fatemeh Malekipour, R. Chris Whitton, Peter Vee-Sin Lee

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review synthesizes recent advancements in understanding subchondral bone (SCB) biomechanics using computed tomography (CT) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging in large animal models, particularly horses.

Recent Findings

Recent studies highlight the complexity of SCB biomechanics, revealing variability in density, microstructure, and biomechanical properties across the depth of SCB from the joint surface, as well as at different joint locations. Early SCB abnormalities have been identified as predictive markers for both osteoarthritis (OA) and stress fractures. The development of standing CT systems has improved the practicality and accuracy of live animal imaging, aiding early diagnosis of SCB pathologies.

Summary

While imaging advancements have enhanced our understanding of SCB, further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of joint disease and articular surface failure. Combining imaging with mechanical testing, computational modelling, and artificial intelligence (AI) promises earlier detection and better management of joint disease. Future research should refine these modalities and integrate them into clinical practice to enhance joint health outcomes in veterinary and human medicine.

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软骨下骨生物力学的进展：马模型计算机断层扫描和显微计算机断层扫描成像的启示

最近的研究结果最近的研究突显了软骨下骨生物力学的复杂性，揭示了软骨下骨距离关节表面的深度以及不同关节位置的密度、微观结构和生物力学特性的差异性。早期SCB异常已被确定为骨关节炎（OA）和应力性骨折的预测指标。站立式 CT 系统的开发提高了活体动物成像的实用性和准确性，有助于 SCB 病变的早期诊断。摘要虽然成像技术的进步增强了我们对 SCB 的了解，但要阐明关节疾病和关节表面损伤的内在机制还需要进一步的研究。将成像与机械测试、计算建模和人工智能（AI）相结合，有望更早地发现和更好地管理关节疾病。未来的研究应完善这些模式，并将其融入临床实践，以提高兽医和人类医学的关节健康水平。

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来源期刊

Current Osteoporosis Reports Medicine-Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

CiteScore

8.80

自引率

2.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： This journal intends to provide clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts that review the most important, recently published clinical findings related to the diagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention of osteoporosis. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas, such as current and future therapeutics, epidemiology and pathophysiology, and evaluation and management. Section Editors, in turn, select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. An international Editorial Board reviews the annual table of contents, suggests articles of special interest to their country/region, and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. Commentaries from well-known figures in the field are also provided.