Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

IF 2.1 4区医学 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL International Journal of General Medicine Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.2147/ijgm.s473972

Jing Zhong, Hua Zhang, Jie Wu, Bosen Zhang, Liubing Lan

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Abstract

Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complication of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy, with incidence is on the rise. There are inconsistent results on the risks of GDM and it has not been reported in our region. The purpose of this study is to explore the risk factors of GDM.
Methods: A total of 383 pregnant women were analyzed, including 67 (17.5%) pregnant women with GDM and 316 (82.5%) with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). The relationship of personal history, family history and reproductive history of pregnant women, the levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), inflammatory markers in blood cell analysis at the first prenatal examination, and fetal ultrasound indices and the risk of GDM were analyzed.
Results: The fetal biparietal diameter, head circumference, and femur length were negatively correlated with HCG level, but not inflammatory markers. The proportion of pregnant women aged ≥ 30 years old, body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy≥ 24.0 kg/m², history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), cesarean section, adverse pregnancy, and oral contraceptive use, and pregnant women who conceived through assisted reproduction in GDM group were higher than those in NGT group. Logistic regression analysis showed that age of pregnant woman ≥ 30 years old (≥ 30 vs < 30 years old, odds ratio (OR): 2.142, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.183– 3.878, p=0.012), BMI≥ 24.0 kg/m² (≥ 24.0 kg/m² vs 18.5– 23.9 kg/m², OR: 1.887, 95% CI: 1.041– 3.420, p=0.036), history of adverse pregnancy (yes vs no, OR: 1.969, 95% CI: 1.022– 3.794, p=0.043), and history of oral contraceptive use (yes vs no, OR: 2.868, 95% CI: 1.046– 7.863, p=0.041) were associated with GDM.
Conclusion: Age of pregnant woman ≥ 30 years old, BMI≥ 24.0 kg/m², history of adverse pregnancy and oral contraceptive use were independent risk factors for GDM.

Keywords: gestational diabetes mellitus, advanced age, overweight, history of adverse pregnancy, history of oral contraceptive use

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妊娠糖尿病相关风险因素分析：一项回顾性病例对照研究

目的：妊娠糖尿病（GDM）是孕期糖耐量异常的并发症，发病率呈上升趋势。有关 GDM 风险的研究结果并不一致，在我国地区也未见报道。本研究旨在探讨 GDM 的风险因素：共分析了 383 名孕妇，包括 67 名（17.5%）GDM 孕妇和 316 名（82.5%）糖耐量正常（NGT）孕妇。分析了孕妇的个人史、家族史和生育史、甲胎蛋白（AFP）水平、人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）水平、首次产前检查血细胞分析中的炎症标志物以及胎儿超声指数与 GDM 风险的关系：结果：胎儿双顶径、头围和股骨长度与 HCG 水平呈负相关，但与炎症指标无关。GDM组孕妇年龄≥30岁、孕早期体重指数（BMI）≥24.0 kg/m2、有多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）史、剖宫产史、不良妊娠史、口服避孕药史以及通过辅助生殖受孕的孕妇比例均高于NGT组。逻辑回归分析显示，孕妇年龄≥30 岁（≥30 vs < 30 岁，几率比（OR）：2.142，95% 置信区间（CI）：1.183- 3.878，P=0.012）、体重指数≥24.0 kg/m2（≥24.0 kg/m2 vs 18.5- 23.9 kg/m2，OR：1.887，95% CI：1.041- 3.420，P=0.036）、不良妊娠史（有 vs 无，OR：1.969，95% CI：1.022- 3.794，P=0.043）和口服避孕药史（有 vs 无，OR：2.868，95% CI：1.046- 7.863，P=0.041）与 GDM 相关：关键词：妊娠期糖尿病；高龄；超重；不良妊娠史；口服避孕药史

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来源期刊

International Journal of General Medicine Medicine-General Medicine

自引率

0.00%

发文量

1113

审稿时长

16 weeks

期刊介绍： The International Journal of General Medicine is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal that focuses on general and internal medicine, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, monitoring and treatment protocols. The journal is characterized by the rapid reporting of reviews, original research and clinical studies across all disease areas. A key focus of the journal is the elucidation of disease processes and management protocols resulting in improved outcomes for the patient. Patient perspectives such as satisfaction, quality of life, health literacy and communication and their role in developing new healthcare programs and optimizing clinical outcomes are major areas of interest for the journal. As of 1st April 2019, the International Journal of General Medicine will no longer consider meta-analyses for publication.