Immunogenicity of an Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine in People Living with HIV in Guangxi, China: A Prospective Cohort Study

Viruses Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.3390/v16091481

Yuting Wu, Xinwei Wang, Yunxuan Huang, Rongfeng Chen, Yuexiang Xu, Wudi Wei, Fengxiang Qin, Zongxiang Yuan, Jinming Su, Xiu Chen, Jie Liu, Liufang Wen, Minjuan Shi, Tongxue Qin, Yinlu Liao, Beibei Lu, Xing Tao, Cuixiao Wang, Shanshan Chen, Jinmiao Li, William J. Liu, Li Ye, Hao Liang, Junjun Jiang

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Abstract

The inactivated COVID-19 vaccine has demonstrated high efficacy in the general population through extensive clinical and real-world studies. However, its effectiveness in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those living with HIV (PLWH), remains limited. In this study, 20 PLWH and 15 HIV-seronegative individuals were recruited to evaluate the immunogenicity of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in PLWH through a prospective cohort study. The median age of the 20 PLWH and 15 HIV-seronegative individuals was 42 years and 31 years, respectively. Of the PLWH, nine had been on ART for over five years. The median anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG antibody level on d224 was higher than that on d42 (8188.7 ng/mL vs. 3200.9 ng/mL, P < 0.05). Following COVID-19 infection, the antibody level increased to 29,872.5 ng/mL on dre+90, 12.19 times higher than that on d300. Compared with HIV-seronegative individuals, the antibody level in PLWH was lower on d210 (183.3 ng/mL vs. 509.3 ng/mL, P < 0.01), while there was no difference after d224. The symptoms of COVID-19 infection in PLWH were comparable to those in HIV-seronegative individuals. In this study, the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine demonstrated good immunogenicity in PLWH. The protective benefit of booster vaccinations for PLWH cannot be ignored. Implementing a booster vaccination policy for PLWH is an effective approach to providing better protection against the COVID-19 pandemic.

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中国广西 HIV 感染者接种 COVID-19 灭活疫苗的免疫原性：前瞻性队列研究

通过广泛的临床和实际研究，COVID-19 灭活疫苗在普通人群中表现出了很高的有效性。然而，它对免疫力低下的人群，尤其是艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）的有效性仍然有限。本研究招募了 20 名艾滋病毒感染者和 15 名艾滋病毒阴性者，通过前瞻性队列研究评估 COVID-19 灭活疫苗在艾滋病毒感染者中的免疫原性。20 名 PLWH 和 15 名 HIV 阴性患者的中位年龄分别为 42 岁和 31 岁。在 PLWH 中，9 人已接受抗逆转录病毒疗法超过 5 年。第 224 天的抗 SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG 抗体水平中位数高于第 42 天（8188.7 纳克/毫升对 3200.9 纳克/毫升，P < 0.05）。感染 COVID-19 后，抗体水平在 dre+90 升至 29,872.5 ng/mL，是 d300 时的 12.19 倍。与 HIV 抗体阴性者相比，PLWH 的抗体水平在 d210 时更低（183.3 ng/mL vs. 509.3 ng/mL，P < 0.01），而在 d224 后则没有差异。感染 COVID-19 的 PLWH 的症状与 HIV 阴性个体的症状相似。在这项研究中，COVID-19 灭活疫苗在 PLWH 中表现出良好的免疫原性。加强接种对艾滋病毒感染者的保护作用不容忽视。对 PLWH 实施加强接种政策是一种有效的方法，可为 COVID-19 大流行提供更好的保护。

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Viruses

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