{"title":"A Plant biostimulant prepared from Ascophyllum nodosum Induces Flowering by Regulating the MIR156‐mediated Age Pathway in Arabidopsis","authors":"Ramin Bahmani, Balakrishnan Prithiviraj","doi":"10.1111/ppl.14531","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Flowering, the change from vegetative development to the reproductive phase, represents a crucial and intricate stage in the life cycle of plants, which is tightly controlled by both internal and external factors. In this study, we investigated the effect of <jats:italic>Ascophyllum nodosum</jats:italic> extract (ANE) on the flowering time of Arabidopsis. We found that a 0.1% concentration of ANE induced flowering in Arabidopsis, accompanied by the upregulation of key flowering time genes: <jats:italic>FT</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>FLOWERING LOCUS T</jats:italic>), <jats:italic>SOC1</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1</jats:italic>), and <jats:italic>LFY</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>LEAFY</jats:italic>). Further investigation showed that ANE specifically promotes flowering through the <jats:italic>MIR156</jats:italic>‐mediated age pathway. ANE treatment resulted in the repression of negative regulator genes, <jats:italic>MIR156</jats:italic>, while simultaneously enhancing the expression of positive regulator genes, including <jats:italic>SPL</jats:italic>s and <jats:italic>MIR172</jats:italic>. This, in turn, led to the downregulation of AP2‐like genes, which are known as floral repressors. It is worth noting that ANE did not alleviate the late flowering phenotype of <jats:italic>MIR156</jats:italic>‐overexpressing plants and <jats:italic>spl</jats:italic> mutants. Furthermore, ANE‐derived fucoidan mimics the function of sugars in regulating <jats:italic>MIR156</jats:italic>, closely mirroring the effects induced by ANE treatments. It suppresses the transcript levels of <jats:italic>MIR156</jats:italic> and AP2‐like genes while inducing those of <jats:italic>SPL</jats:italic>s and <jats:italic>MIR172</jats:italic>, thereby reinforcing the involvement of fucoidan in the control of flowering by ANE. In summary, our results demonstrate that ANE induces flowering by modulating the <jats:italic>MIR156</jats:italic>‐<jats:italic>SPL</jats:italic> module within the age pathway, and this effect is mediated by fucoidan.","PeriodicalId":20164,"journal":{"name":"Physiologia plantarum","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Physiologia plantarum","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.14531","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PLANT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Flowering, the change from vegetative development to the reproductive phase, represents a crucial and intricate stage in the life cycle of plants, which is tightly controlled by both internal and external factors. In this study, we investigated the effect of Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE) on the flowering time of Arabidopsis. We found that a 0.1% concentration of ANE induced flowering in Arabidopsis, accompanied by the upregulation of key flowering time genes: FT (FLOWERING LOCUS T), SOC1 (SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1), and LFY (LEAFY). Further investigation showed that ANE specifically promotes flowering through the MIR156‐mediated age pathway. ANE treatment resulted in the repression of negative regulator genes, MIR156, while simultaneously enhancing the expression of positive regulator genes, including SPLs and MIR172. This, in turn, led to the downregulation of AP2‐like genes, which are known as floral repressors. It is worth noting that ANE did not alleviate the late flowering phenotype of MIR156‐overexpressing plants and spl mutants. Furthermore, ANE‐derived fucoidan mimics the function of sugars in regulating MIR156, closely mirroring the effects induced by ANE treatments. It suppresses the transcript levels of MIR156 and AP2‐like genes while inducing those of SPLs and MIR172, thereby reinforcing the involvement of fucoidan in the control of flowering by ANE. In summary, our results demonstrate that ANE induces flowering by modulating the MIR156‐SPL module within the age pathway, and this effect is mediated by fucoidan.
期刊介绍:
Physiologia Plantarum is an international journal committed to publishing the best full-length original research papers that advance our understanding of primary mechanisms of plant development, growth and productivity as well as plant interactions with the biotic and abiotic environment. All organisational levels of experimental plant biology – from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and biophysics to ecophysiology and global change biology – fall within the scope of the journal. The content is distributed between 5 main subject areas supervised by Subject Editors specialised in the respective domain: (1) biochemistry and metabolism, (2) ecophysiology, stress and adaptation, (3) uptake, transport and assimilation, (4) development, growth and differentiation, (5) photobiology and photosynthesis.