Quantifying Effects and Ingestion of Several Pristine Microplastics in Two Early Life Stages of Freshwater Mussels

IF 3.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.1002/etc.5993

Yaryna M. Kudla, Moira M. Ijzerman, C. James Bennett, Patricia L. Gillis, Karen A. Kidd, Ryan S. Prosser

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Abstract

Microplastics have been found in freshwater systems, and in turn have been detected in freshwater bivalves. However, there is limited research that defines the toxicity of bicroplastics to native freshwater bivalves that have long been imperiled in North America. Our objective was to determine whether a suite of pristine microplastics has an adverse effect on two early life stages of unionid freshwater mussels. Glochidia of Lampsilis fasciola (a Canadian species at risk) and Lampsilis siliquoidea (widespread across Canada) were individually exposed to spheres of polystyrene (6 and 90 μm), polyethylene (28, 90, and 1000 μm), and cellulose acetate (1000 μm), as well as fibers of polyethylene terephthalate (60 μm). After 24 h, there was no significant decrease in glochidia viability in either species. Juvenile L. siliquoidea mussels were also exposed to spheres of polystyrene (6 and 90 μm) and polyethylene (28 μm), and fibers of polyethylene terephthalate (60 μm) in individual 28‐day subchronic tests followed by a 7‐day depuration period. Burial was assessed weekly, and ingestion of each microplastic was compared in nondepurated and depurated mussels. There was no sustained effect on juvenile burial with any microplastic tested. Ingestion of microplastics was concentration dependent, and depuration occurred for all particles and size ranges tested. The results suggest that pristine microplastics were not acutely toxic to the early life stages of these freshwater mussels, but that the energetic costs associated with particle uptake and depuration, which were not measured in our study, may have an impact on fitness that warrants further investigation. In addition, testing with other shapes and polymers of microplastics typically detected in the environment is recommended. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1–12. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

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量化几种原始微塑料对淡水贻贝两个早期生命阶段的影响和摄入量

在淡水系统中发现了微塑料，进而在淡水双壳类动物体内也检测到了微塑料。然而，关于双塑料对本土淡水双壳类动物毒性的研究十分有限，而这些双壳类动物在北美早已濒临灭绝。我们的目标是确定一套原始的微塑料是否会对联合淡水贻贝的两个早期生命阶段产生不利影响。我们将 Lampsilis fasciola（加拿大濒危物种）和 Lampsilis siliquoidea（广泛分布于加拿大）的球贻贝分别暴露于聚苯乙烯（6 和 90 μm）、聚乙烯（28、90 和 1000 μm）和醋酸纤维素（1000 μm）球体以及聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维（60 μm）中。24 小时后，两个物种的球虫存活率都没有明显下降。在为期 28 天的亚慢性试验中，纤毛贻贝幼体也分别暴露于聚苯乙烯球体（6 和 90 μm）、聚乙烯球体（28 μm）和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维（60 μm）中，然后经过 7 天的消解期。每周对贻贝的埋藏情况进行评估，并比较未脱盐贻贝和脱盐贻贝对每种微塑料的摄取情况。所测试的任何微塑料都不会对幼体的埋藏产生持续影响。微塑料的摄取与浓度有关，所有测试的颗粒和大小范围都会发生沉积。研究结果表明，原始微塑料对这些淡水贻贝的早期生命阶段没有急性毒性，但与颗粒摄取和净化相关的能量成本（我们的研究中没有测量）可能会对适应性产生影响，值得进一步研究。此外，建议使用环境中通常检测到的其他形状和聚合物的微塑料进行测试。环境毒物化学 2024;00:1-12。© 2024 作者。环境毒理学与化学》由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表 SETAC 出版。

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来源期刊

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 环境科学-毒理学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

9.80%

发文量

265

审稿时长

3.4 months

期刊介绍： The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) publishes two journals: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (ET&C) and Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is dedicated to furthering scientific knowledge and disseminating information on environmental toxicology and chemistry, including the application of these sciences to risk assessment.[...] Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is interdisciplinary in scope and integrates the fields of environmental toxicology; environmental, analytical, and molecular chemistry; ecology; physiology; biochemistry; microbiology; genetics; genomics; environmental engineering; chemical, environmental, and biological modeling; epidemiology; and earth sciences. ET&C seeks to publish papers describing original experimental or theoretical work that significantly advances understanding in the area of environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry and hazard/risk assessment. Emphasis is given to papers that enhance capabilities for the prediction, measurement, and assessment of the fate and effects of chemicals in the environment, rather than simply providing additional data. The scientific impact of papers is judged in terms of the breadth and depth of the findings and the expected influence on existing or future scientific practice. Methodological papers must make clear not only how the work differs from existing practice, but the significance of these differences to the field. Site-based research or monitoring must have regional or global implications beyond the particular site, such as evaluating processes, mechanisms, or theory under a natural environmental setting.

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