Highly reversible Zn anode by guiding uniform Zn deposition through LiF protective layer

Abstract

Deep-seated issues such as ineluctable dendrite deposition and parasitic reaction of Zn anode pose a major obstacle to the commercialization of aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs). Herein, we proposed LiF as a solid-electrolyte interphase for highly reversible Zn anode. Combining experimental analyses and theoretical simulation calculations, the electronegative fluorine atoms could provide uniform zincophilic nucleation sites to regulate Zn deposition behavior. Additionally, a ZnF layer with outstanding Zn conductive can be formed thus further shielding bulk water molecules and expediting the Zn transfer kinetics. Therefore, the LiF@Zn symmetric cells manifest long-cycling stability with 650 h at 1.0 mA/cm and 1.0 mAh/cm and 1000 h at 2.0 mA/cm and 1.0 mAh/cm. Meanwhile, the rate performance of Zn//MnO and Zn//NHVO full cells are also enhanced by the LiF coating. This work provides a horizon for the design of artificial protective layer and promotes the large-scale practical development of AZIBs.