eWAPA: An eBPF-based WASI Performance Analysis Framework for WebAssembly Runtimes

Chenxi Mao, Yuxin Su, Shiwen Shan, Dan Li
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Abstract

WebAssembly (Wasm) is a low-level bytecode format that can run in modern browsers. With the development of standalone runtimes and the improvement of the WebAssembly System Interface (WASI), Wasm has further provided a more complete sandboxed runtime experience for server-side applications, effectively expanding its application scenarios. However, the implementation of WASI varies across different runtimes, and suboptimal interface implementations can lead to performance degradation during interactions between the runtime and the operating system. Existing research mainly focuses on overall performance evaluation of runtimes, while studies on WASI implementations are relatively scarce. To tackle this problem, we propose an eBPF-based WASI performance analysis framework. It collects key performance metrics of the runtime under different I/O load conditions, such as total execution time, startup time, WASI execution time, and syscall time. We can comprehensively analyze the performance of the runtime's I/O interactions with the operating system. Additionally, we provide a detailed analysis of the causes behind two specific WASI performance anomalies. These analytical results will guide the optimization of standalone runtimes and WASI implementations, enhancing their efficiency.
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eWAPA:基于 eBPF 的 WebAssembly 运行时 WASI 性能分析框架
WebAssembly (Wasm) 是一种可在现代浏览器中运行的低级字节码格式。随着独立运行时的发展和 WebAssembly 系统接口(WASI)的改进,Wasm 进一步为服务器端应用程序提供了更完整的沙盒运行时体验,有效地扩展了其应用场景。然而,不同运行时对 WASI 的实现各不相同,次优的接口实现可能会导致运行时与操作系统交互过程中的性能下降。现有研究主要关注运行时的整体性能评估,而对 WASI 实现的研究相对较少。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一个基于 eBPF 的 WASI 性能分析框架。它收集了运行时在不同 I/O 负载条件下的关键性能指标,如总执行时间、启动时间、WASI 执行时间和系统调用时间。此外,我们还对两个特定的 WASI 性能异常背后的原因进行了详细分析。这些分析结果将指导独立运行时和 WASI 实现的优化,从而提高效率。
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