A Smartphone Operated Intelligent Stochastic Miniplatform for On-Site Screening of Milk for Fast Determination of Ochratoxin A

Abstract

Ochratoxine A is a very stable mycotoxin which cannot be destroyed below 250°C. Found in grains, coffee, grapes, wine, milk, and meat, it can produce kidney damage and cancer. Therefore, a smartphone operated intellingent stochastic miniplatform was designed, characterised, and validated for the on-site screening of milk for fast determination of ochratoxine A. (Z)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl]octadec-9-enamide was used as modifier of a gold matrix for a screen printed stochastic sensor used as sensing tool in the design of the miniplatform. A wide linear concentration range (1.0 × 10−15 − 1.0 × 10−7 mol l‒1) and a low limit of quantification of 1 fmol l‒1 were achieved for the assay of ochratoxin A. Recovery values higher than 99.00% were obtained for ochratoxine A, when the miniplatform was used for the screening of cow’s milk and vegetarian milk.