Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2022-04-04DOI: 10.23736/S2724-5276.22.06683-6
Ana L Correia, Carolina Castro, Joana M Morais, Alexandrina Portela, Sara Peixoto
Background: One of the possible adverse outcomes of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) administration for preterm fetal neuroprotection is hypermagnesemia in the newborn. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the association between antenatal MgSO4 administration for neuroprotection and neonatal serum magnesium levels in the first days of life.
Methods: A single-center retrospective case-control study was conducted on preterm neonates born in our institution between January 2017 and December 2019. Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal parameters were recorded, and demographic information was collected. Comparative analysis between the group of neonates exposed to antenatal MgSO4 and the control group was performed.
Results: A total of 98 patients were enrolled in the study, 49 of them were exposed to antenatal MgSO4 for neuroprotection. The serum magnesium levels in the 5 first days of life were higher in the case group, and higher than the normal range of serum magnesium levels (>2.4 mg/dL), with a statistical significance. The number of days needed to normalize serum magnesium levels was higher in the case group compared to the control group (median of 7 days [1-8] versus 2 days [1-5]).
Conclusions: Our findings show that antenatal administration of MgSO4 is associated with high serum magnesium levels in neonates. This group of patients needs close electrolyte monitoring during the first days of life. Parenteral nutrition supplemented with magnesium should only be considered after evaluation of serum magnesium levels.
{"title":"Hypermagnesemia in preterm neonates exposed to antenatal magnesium sulfate.","authors":"Ana L Correia, Carolina Castro, Joana M Morais, Alexandrina Portela, Sara Peixoto","doi":"10.23736/S2724-5276.22.06683-6","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-5276.22.06683-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the possible adverse outcomes of magnesium sulfate (MgSO<inf>4</inf>) administration for preterm fetal neuroprotection is hypermagnesemia in the newborn. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the association between antenatal MgSO<inf>4</inf> administration for neuroprotection and neonatal serum magnesium levels in the first days of life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-center retrospective case-control study was conducted on preterm neonates born in our institution between January 2017 and December 2019. Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal parameters were recorded, and demographic information was collected. Comparative analysis between the group of neonates exposed to antenatal MgSO<inf>4</inf> and the control group was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 98 patients were enrolled in the study, 49 of them were exposed to antenatal MgSO<inf>4</inf> for neuroprotection. The serum magnesium levels in the 5 first days of life were higher in the case group, and higher than the normal range of serum magnesium levels (>2.4 mg/dL), with a statistical significance. The number of days needed to normalize serum magnesium levels was higher in the case group compared to the control group (median of 7 days [1-8] versus 2 days [1-5]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings show that antenatal administration of MgSO<inf>4</inf> is associated with high serum magnesium levels in neonates. This group of patients needs close electrolyte monitoring during the first days of life. Parenteral nutrition supplemented with magnesium should only be considered after evaluation of serum magnesium levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"151 1","pages":"242-249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86167330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common cause of lower extremity wound. Consequently, PAD leads to a cause of leg amputation nowadays, especially in diabetic patients. In general practice (GP), confrontation with PAD prevention is a challenge. In general, ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurement can be used as a PAD diagnostic tool, but this takes some time. The tool is not generally available and this need to train healthcare workers to perform. Multiple independent predictors developed the diagnostic prediction model known as clinical decision rules (CDRs) to identify patients with high-risk PAD. This might therefore limit the number of patients (only high-risk patients) to refer for ABI evaluation. This narrative review summarized existing CDRs for PAD.
外周动脉疾病（PAD）是造成下肢伤口的常见原因。因此，PAD 是当今截肢的一个原因，尤其是在糖尿病患者中。在全科医生（GP）中，如何预防 PAD 是一项挑战。一般来说，踝肱指数（ABI）测量可用作 PAD 诊断工具，但这需要一些时间。这种工具并不普遍，需要培训医护人员才能使用。多个独立的预测因子开发了被称为临床决策规则（CDR）的诊断预测模型，用于识别高风险 PAD 患者。因此，这可能会限制转诊进行 ABI 评估的患者人数（仅限高风险患者）。本综述总结了现有的 PAD CDR。
{"title":"The Ability of Clinical Decision Rules to Detect Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Amaraporn Rerkasem, Rawee Nopparatkailas, Sothida Nantakool, Rath Rerkasem, Chayatorn Chansakaow, Poon Apichartpiyakul, Arintaya Phrommintikul, Kittipan Rerkasem","doi":"10.1177/15347346221104590","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15347346221104590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common cause of lower extremity wound. Consequently, PAD leads to a cause of leg amputation nowadays, especially in diabetic patients. In general practice (GP), confrontation with PAD prevention is a challenge. In general, ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurement can be used as a PAD diagnostic tool, but this takes some time. The tool is not generally available and this need to train healthcare workers to perform. Multiple independent predictors developed the diagnostic prediction model known as clinical decision rules (CDRs) to identify patients with high-risk PAD. This might therefore limit the number of patients (only high-risk patients) to refer for ABI evaluation. This narrative review summarized existing CDRs for PAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"136 1","pages":"273-282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86304073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a waste produced from end-of-life Zinc-air batteries. Recycling of these spent batteries is important to reduce the pressure on primary zinc sources and to mitigate environmental pollution. To address the recyclability of waste ZnO from different sources, here we have studied ZnO dissolution and Zn electrodeposition in deep eutectic solvents (DES) of betaine hydrochloride (Betaine-HCl) and formic acid (FA) using spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. Additionally, the effect of water in the DES on the dissolution of ZnO and its electrochemical and spectroscopic behaviour was also studied. Solubility of ZnO in DES was found to be 95 g l-1 which decreased slightly to 85 g l-1 in the DES containing 10% water. Fourier transform infrared and Raman studies revealed that ZnO dissolved in DES by forming a [ZnCl3FA]- complex. Electrochemical studies showed that Zn deposit morphology and structure varied with water content in the DES. A uniform Zn deposit was achieved in ZnO-DES mixture whereas the presence of water gave a porous morphology. Thus, this study revealed an easy and eco-friendly route to recycle ZnO.
氧化锌（ZnO）是由报废的锌空气电池产生的废物。回收这些废电池对于减少原锌源的压力和减轻环境污染非常重要。为了研究不同来源废氧化锌的可回收性，本文采用光谱和电化学技术研究了氧化锌在盐酸甜菜碱（betaine - hcl）和甲酸（FA）的深共晶溶剂（DES）中的溶解和电沉积。此外，还研究了DES中水分对ZnO溶解及其电化学和光谱行为的影响。ZnO在DES中的溶解度为95 g l-1，在含有10%水的DES中，ZnO的溶解度略有下降，为85 g l-1。傅里叶变换红外和拉曼光谱研究表明，ZnO溶解在DES中形成[ZnCl3FA]-络合物。电化学研究表明，锌的形态和结构随DES中含水量的变化而变化。ZnO-DES混合物中锌的形态均匀，而水的存在使其呈现多孔形态。因此，本研究揭示了一种简单、环保的氧化锌回收途径。
{"title":"Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Studies of Zinc Oxide in an Eco-Friendly Deep Eutectic Solvent for Zn Electrodeposition.","authors":"Kazem Mohammadzadeh, Uttam Kumer Roy, Abhishek Lahiri","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/adda79","DOIUrl":"10.1149/1945-7111/adda79","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a waste produced from end-of-life Zinc-air batteries. Recycling of these spent batteries is important to reduce the pressure on primary zinc sources and to mitigate environmental pollution. To address the recyclability of waste ZnO from different sources, here we have studied ZnO dissolution and Zn electrodeposition in deep eutectic solvents (DES) of betaine hydrochloride (Betaine-HCl) and formic acid (FA) using spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. Additionally, the effect of water in the DES on the dissolution of ZnO and its electrochemical and spectroscopic behaviour was also studied. Solubility of ZnO in DES was found to be 95 g l<sup>-1</sup> which decreased slightly to 85 g l<sup>-1</sup> in the DES containing 10% water. Fourier transform infrared and Raman studies revealed that ZnO dissolved in DES by forming a [ZnCl<sub>3</sub>FA]<sup>-</sup> complex. Electrochemical studies showed that Zn deposit morphology and structure varied with water content in the DES. A uniform Zn deposit was achieved in ZnO-DES mixture whereas the presence of water gave a porous morphology. Thus, this study revealed an easy and eco-friendly route to recycle ZnO.</p>","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"172 5","pages":"052505-52505"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7618030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad8aee
Dilara Ozdemir, Derek Fleming, Cristian Picioreanu, Robin Patel, Haluk Beyenal
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a strong oxidizing agent that damages cells by interacting with lipids, nucleic acids, sulfur-containing amino acids, and membrane components. It is an endogenous substance produced by the immune system to protect mammals from pathogens. Previously, we developed an HOCl-generating electrochemical catheter (e-catheter) and demonstrated its ability to prevent central line-associated bloodstream infections. The e-catheter is an electrochemical system consisting of two parts - an e-hub and a tube. Working, counter, and reference electrodes are placed in the e-hub, which contains 0.9% NaCl as an electrolyte. Although a prototype of this device has shown activity against pathogens, it is helpful to understand the factors influencing associated electrochemical/chemical processes to optimize design and efficacy. A mathematical model could predict factors influencing HOCl generation and distribution in the catheter and could aid in optimizing these devices. Here, we developed an Electrochemical Hypochlorous Acid Production (EHAP) model to predict factors influencing electrochemical generation and distribution of HOCl in e-catheters, including polarization time, diffusion of HOCl into the e-catheter, operational voltage, working electrode length, and surface area.
{"title":"Electrochemical HOCl Production Modeling for an Electrochemical Catheter.","authors":"Dilara Ozdemir, Derek Fleming, Cristian Picioreanu, Robin Patel, Haluk Beyenal","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad8aee","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad8aee","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a strong oxidizing agent that damages cells by interacting with lipids, nucleic acids, sulfur-containing amino acids, and membrane components. It is an endogenous substance produced by the immune system to protect mammals from pathogens. Previously, we developed an HOCl-generating electrochemical catheter (e-catheter) and demonstrated its ability to prevent central line-associated bloodstream infections. The e-catheter is an electrochemical system consisting of two parts - an e-hub and a tube. Working, counter, and reference electrodes are placed in the e-hub, which contains 0.9% NaCl as an electrolyte. Although a prototype of this device has shown activity against pathogens, it is helpful to understand the factors influencing associated electrochemical/chemical processes to optimize design and efficacy. A mathematical model could predict factors influencing HOCl generation and distribution in the catheter and could aid in optimizing these devices. Here, we developed an Electrochemical Hypochlorous Acid Production (EHAP) model to predict factors influencing electrochemical generation and distribution of HOCl in e-catheters, including polarization time, diffusion of HOCl into the e-catheter, operational voltage, working electrode length, and surface area.</p>","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"171 11","pages":"113504"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11540492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142605207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad7765
Filip Adam Dorau, Alessandro Sommer, Jan Koloch, Richard Röß-Ohlenroth, Markus Schreiber, Maximilian Neuner, Kareem Abo Gamra, Yilei Lin, Jan Schöberl, Philip Bilfinger, Sophie Grabmann, Benedikt Stumper, Leon Katzenmeier, Markus Lienkamp and Rüdiger Daub
Considering the growing need for extensive energy storage solutions in smart grid technologies and affordable options for entry-level electric vehicles, sodium-ion batteries offer a promising alternative. They use raw materials that are cheaper, less toxic, and more abundant than those used in lithium-ion batteries, making them especially suitable for large-scale applications. This study comprehensively investigated four commercially available sodium-ion batteries to examine their structural and electrochemical characteristics. The cells were dissected, and the electrode dimensions, the areal mass loadings, and the material compositions were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Electrical characterization, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, C-rate testing up to 6 C under different ambient temperatures, along with cyclic aging studies, provided insights into the cells’ performance and degradation mechanisms. The findings highlighted variations in electrode coatings, particle sizes, and cathode materials among the cells, which were then correlated with their electrical behavior. This emphasized the challenges in maintaining sodium-ion battery performance, especially at low temperatures. This study was designed to establish a comprehensive knowledge base for both academic and industrial research in sodium-ion battery technology.
考虑到智能电网技术对广泛储能解决方案的需求日益增长，以及入门级电动汽车的经济实惠，钠离子电池提供了一种前景广阔的替代方案。与锂离子电池相比，钠离子电池使用的原材料更便宜、毒性更低、资源更丰富，因此特别适合大规模应用。本研究全面调查了四种市售钠离子电池，以研究其结构和电化学特性。研究人员解剖了电池，并使用扫描电子显微镜、能量色散 X 射线光谱仪、粉末 X 射线衍射仪和衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱仪分析了电极尺寸、平均质量负载和材料成分。电学表征包括电化学阻抗光谱、不同环境温度下高达 6 C 的 C 速率测试以及循环老化研究，这些研究有助于深入了解电池的性能和降解机制。研究结果突显了不同电池在电极涂层、颗粒大小和阴极材料方面的差异，这些差异又与电池的电学行为相关联。这凸显了保持钠离子电池性能的挑战，尤其是在低温条件下。这项研究旨在为钠离子电池技术的学术和工业研究建立一个全面的知识库。
{"title":"Comprehensive Analysis of Commercial Sodium-Ion Batteries: Structural and Electrochemical Insights","authors":"Filip Adam Dorau, Alessandro Sommer, Jan Koloch, Richard Röß-Ohlenroth, Markus Schreiber, Maximilian Neuner, Kareem Abo Gamra, Yilei Lin, Jan Schöberl, Philip Bilfinger, Sophie Grabmann, Benedikt Stumper, Leon Katzenmeier, Markus Lienkamp and Rüdiger Daub","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad7765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad7765","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the growing need for extensive energy storage solutions in smart grid technologies and affordable options for entry-level electric vehicles, sodium-ion batteries offer a promising alternative. They use raw materials that are cheaper, less toxic, and more abundant than those used in lithium-ion batteries, making them especially suitable for large-scale applications. This study comprehensively investigated four commercially available sodium-ion batteries to examine their structural and electrochemical characteristics. The cells were dissected, and the electrode dimensions, the areal mass loadings, and the material compositions were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Electrical characterization, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, C-rate testing up to 6 C under different ambient temperatures, along with cyclic aging studies, provided insights into the cells’ performance and degradation mechanisms. The findings highlighted variations in electrode coatings, particle sizes, and cathode materials among the cells, which were then correlated with their electrical behavior. This emphasized the challenges in maintaining sodium-ion battery performance, especially at low temperatures. This study was designed to establish a comprehensive knowledge base for both academic and industrial research in sodium-ion battery technology.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad7766
Roopa Margaret Rodrigues and Anitha Varghese
Electro-organic chemistry offers a sustainable and efficient approach to organic synthesis by utilizing electrochemical processes. This field has gained significant attention due to its potential for minimizing waste, reducing energy consumption, and enabling selective transformations. Herein, we report the development of a graphitic carbon nitride-coated carbon fiber electrode modified with electropolymerized amino-2-thiazole and electrodeposited Cu2O nanoparticles from copper nitrate trihydrate for the oxidation of Indole-3-carbinol (IC). Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies were carried out to characterize the developed electrode. Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and bulk electrolysis techniques were employed for the electrochemical studies. The enhanced electrochemical activity of the Cu2O-pAT-GCN-TCFP electrode compared to the individual GCN and polymer electrode was studied using electrochemical characterization, which revealed a 3-fold increase in the current response for Cu2O-pAT-GCN-TCFP (0.0011 A) compared to the bare electrode. The reaction was carried out using an aqueous carbonate buffer solution as an electrolyte via bulk electrolysis at a set potential of 0.82 V. The product obtained was isolated by column chromatography to obtain a yield of 74% and characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. Additionally, the Cu2O-pAT-GCN-TCFP electrode was studied for its stability, reproducibility, and selectivity.
{"title":"Indole-3-Carbinol Upconversion with Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Supported Graphitic Carbon Nitride: A Sustainable Approach","authors":"Roopa Margaret Rodrigues and Anitha Varghese","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad7766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad7766","url":null,"abstract":"Electro-organic chemistry offers a sustainable and efficient approach to organic synthesis by utilizing electrochemical processes. This field has gained significant attention due to its potential for minimizing waste, reducing energy consumption, and enabling selective transformations. Herein, we report the development of a graphitic carbon nitride-coated carbon fiber electrode modified with electropolymerized amino-2-thiazole and electrodeposited Cu2O nanoparticles from copper nitrate trihydrate for the oxidation of Indole-3-carbinol (IC). Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies were carried out to characterize the developed electrode. Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and bulk electrolysis techniques were employed for the electrochemical studies. The enhanced electrochemical activity of the Cu2O-pAT-GCN-TCFP electrode compared to the individual GCN and polymer electrode was studied using electrochemical characterization, which revealed a 3-fold increase in the current response for Cu2O-pAT-GCN-TCFP (0.0011 A) compared to the bare electrode. The reaction was carried out using an aqueous carbonate buffer solution as an electrolyte via bulk electrolysis at a set potential of 0.82 V. The product obtained was isolated by column chromatography to obtain a yield of 74% and characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. Additionally, the Cu2O-pAT-GCN-TCFP electrode was studied for its stability, reproducibility, and selectivity.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad77b1
Jean E. Marshall, Victoria White, Ke Zhang, Philip Bellchambers, Jerzy Gazda, Mark Copley, Louis F. J. Piper and Matthew J. Capener
This work presents 3-Methyl-2-oxazolidinone (JEFFSOL® MEOX) as a substitute solvent for N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) in the manufacture of Li-ion batteries. NMP is a good solvent for polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF, a common binder material), and also has a high boiling point (202 °C), allowing for gradual drying of electrode slurries to form homogeneous coatings. However, NMP has a reprotoxic effect and its use is attracting increasing legislative pressure; it would be advantageous to the battery-making industry to find a more benign alternative. Of the few other solvents that will readily dissolve PVDF, examples such as dimethylformamide are also significantly toxic, so further investigation is necessary to find a credible alternative solvent system. We show that JEFFSOL® MEOX (boiling point 225 °C) is capable of dissolving PVDF at accessible temperatures (40 °C–50 °C), and that at a similar ratio of active material:binder:solvent, both JEFFSOL® MEOX and NMP produce electrode slurries with a viscosity of 5–6 Pa.s at 25 °C and at a shear rate of 10 s−1. Cells formed using JEFFSOL® MEOX-made and NMP-made cathode coatings showed comparable electrochemical performance.
{"title":"3-Methyl-2-oxazolidinone (JEFFSOL® MEOX) as a Substitute Solvent for NMP in Battery Manufacturing","authors":"Jean E. Marshall, Victoria White, Ke Zhang, Philip Bellchambers, Jerzy Gazda, Mark Copley, Louis F. J. Piper and Matthew J. Capener","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad77b1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad77b1","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents 3-Methyl-2-oxazolidinone (JEFFSOL® MEOX) as a substitute solvent for N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) in the manufacture of Li-ion batteries. NMP is a good solvent for polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF, a common binder material), and also has a high boiling point (202 °C), allowing for gradual drying of electrode slurries to form homogeneous coatings. However, NMP has a reprotoxic effect and its use is attracting increasing legislative pressure; it would be advantageous to the battery-making industry to find a more benign alternative. Of the few other solvents that will readily dissolve PVDF, examples such as dimethylformamide are also significantly toxic, so further investigation is necessary to find a credible alternative solvent system. We show that JEFFSOL® MEOX (boiling point 225 °C) is capable of dissolving PVDF at accessible temperatures (40 °C–50 °C), and that at a similar ratio of active material:binder:solvent, both JEFFSOL® MEOX and NMP produce electrode slurries with a viscosity of 5–6 Pa.s at 25 °C and at a shear rate of 10 s−1. Cells formed using JEFFSOL® MEOX-made and NMP-made cathode coatings showed comparable electrochemical performance.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad790f
Kiem Do Van, Nguyen Van Hieu, Thomas C-K Yang and Tu Le Manh
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) causes significant impacts on human health and the environment due to its highly toxic properties. Thus, the design and development of gas sensors to detect and monitor H2S (especially at extremely low concentrations) are challenging tasks for scientists. In this work, SnO2 gas sensors were successfully synthesized directly on a chip by Sn electrodeposition from ethylene glycol solutions + a post-treatment (calcination) stage (to form and stabilize SnO2). Mechanisms and kinetics of Sn electrodeposition on Pt microelectrodes were thoroughly studied using electrochemical techniques. These fabricated gas sensors exhibit a high selectivity toward H2S gas and an effective response to low-level concentrations of H2S in the range of 0.1 ppm–1 ppm at different working temperatures. The influence of electrodeposition conditions and calcination temperatures on the gas response of sensors were also examined. The results have verified that the electrodeposition method from ethylene glycol solutions is promising for the fabrication of ultrasensitive on-chip gas sensors.
{"title":"Rapid Detection of Ultralow H2S Concentration with on-chip Fabrication of SnO2-based Gas Sensors by Direct Electrodeposition from Non-Aqueous Solvents","authors":"Kiem Do Van, Nguyen Van Hieu, Thomas C-K Yang and Tu Le Manh","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad790f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad790f","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) causes significant impacts on human health and the environment due to its highly toxic properties. Thus, the design and development of gas sensors to detect and monitor H2S (especially at extremely low concentrations) are challenging tasks for scientists. In this work, SnO2 gas sensors were successfully synthesized directly on a chip by Sn electrodeposition from ethylene glycol solutions + a post-treatment (calcination) stage (to form and stabilize SnO2). Mechanisms and kinetics of Sn electrodeposition on Pt microelectrodes were thoroughly studied using electrochemical techniques. These fabricated gas sensors exhibit a high selectivity toward H2S gas and an effective response to low-level concentrations of H2S in the range of 0.1 ppm–1 ppm at different working temperatures. The influence of electrodeposition conditions and calcination temperatures on the gas response of sensors were also examined. The results have verified that the electrodeposition method from ethylene glycol solutions is promising for the fabrication of ultrasensitive on-chip gas sensors.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad7983
Xueyuan Wei, Yao Liu and Lesi Wei
In this study, we examined the surface morphology and crystal structure of RF-sputtered ZnO thin films that were annealed at various temperatures. Also, we fabricated UV photodetectors with an Au-ZnO-ITO sandwich structure, utilizing the thin films annealed at 600 °C. The surface roughness of the film initially increases and then decreases as the annealing temperature rises, and the crystalline quality improves with an increase in the annealing temperature. Due to the Schottky heterojunction formed by the Au-semi contact, the fabricated UV photodetector exhibits a responsivity of 7.91 mA W−1 under 405 nm UV light. And the device demonstrates high response stability and rapid response sensitivity, with a swift rise time of 80 ms at a light intensity of 2.56 mW cm−2.
在这项研究中，我们考察了在不同温度下退火的射频溅射氧化锌薄膜的表面形貌和晶体结构。此外，我们还利用在 600 °C 下退火的薄膜制造了具有金-氧化锌-氧化钛夹层结构的紫外光检测器。随着退火温度的升高，薄膜的表面粗糙度先增大后减小，晶体质量也随着退火温度的升高而提高。由于金-半接触形成了肖特基异质结，因此所制备的紫外光探测器在 405 纳米紫外光下的响应率为 7.91 mA W-1。该器件具有高响应稳定性和快速响应灵敏度，在光强为 2.56 mW cm-2 时，快速上升时间为 80 ms。
{"title":"Optimization of Post-Annealing Temperature of RF Magnetron-Sputtered ZnO Thin Films for Enhancing Performances of UV Photodetectors","authors":"Xueyuan Wei, Yao Liu and Lesi Wei","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad7983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad7983","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we examined the surface morphology and crystal structure of RF-sputtered ZnO thin films that were annealed at various temperatures. Also, we fabricated UV photodetectors with an Au-ZnO-ITO sandwich structure, utilizing the thin films annealed at 600 °C. The surface roughness of the film initially increases and then decreases as the annealing temperature rises, and the crystalline quality improves with an increase in the annealing temperature. Due to the Schottky heterojunction formed by the Au-semi contact, the fabricated UV photodetector exhibits a responsivity of 7.91 mA W−1 under 405 nm UV light. And the device demonstrates high response stability and rapid response sensitivity, with a swift rise time of 80 ms at a light intensity of 2.56 mW cm−2.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad77f6
Mani Jayakumar, M. Karthikeyan, G. Murali Krishna and Chrysanthus Andrew
The electrochemical behaviour of nickel(II)-rhenium(VII) and the electrodeposition of nickel-rhenium alloy using choline chloride: 2 Urea deep eutectic solvent (Reline DES) is reported. Speciation of nickel(II)-rhenium(VII) in Reline DES was studied using UV -Visible spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry of Ni2+-ReO4− in Reline indicates the simultaneous reduction of two metal ions at glassy carbon electrode controlled by non-reversible diffusion process. Chronoamperograms obtained for the reduction of Ni2+-ReO4− suggests nucleation and three-dimensional growth of bimetallic phase on electrode surface followed progressive nucleation. Electrodeposition of nickel—rhenium alloy was carried out on copper substrates under galvanostatic and potentiostatic conditions. Smooth and uniform deposits were obtained by galvanostatic deposition. X-ray diffraction analysis of the deposit confirmed it to be nickel-rhenium alloy (at −1.2 V) in amorphous form which upon annealing at 1000 °C crystallizes into hexagonal phase with concurrent morphology change from spherical particles to irregular polygons.
报告了镍(II)-铼(VII)的电化学行为以及使用氯化胆碱：2 尿素深共晶溶剂（Reline DES）电沉积镍铼合金的情况。使用紫外可见光谱法研究了 Reline DES 中镍(II)-铼(VII)的种类。Ni2+-ReO4- 在 Reline 中的循环伏安法表明，两种金属离子在玻璃碳电极上同时还原，并受到非可逆扩散过程的控制。在还原 Ni2+-ReO4- 的过程中获得的计时器图表明，双金属相在电极表面逐渐成核并三维生长。在静电和恒电位条件下，在铜基底上进行了镍铼合金的电沉积。通过静电沉积获得了光滑均匀的沉积物。沉积物的 X 射线衍射分析表明，沉积物是无定形的镍铼合金（电压为 -1.2 V），在 1000 °C 退火后结晶成六方相，同时形态从球形颗粒变为不规则多边形。
{"title":"Electrochemical Behaviour of Nickel(II)-Rhenium(VII) And Electrodeposition of Nickel-Rhenium Alloy from Choline Chloride - Urea Deep Eutectic Solvent","authors":"Mani Jayakumar, M. Karthikeyan, G. Murali Krishna and Chrysanthus Andrew","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad77f6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad77f6","url":null,"abstract":"The electrochemical behaviour of nickel(II)-rhenium(VII) and the electrodeposition of nickel-rhenium alloy using choline chloride: 2 Urea deep eutectic solvent (Reline DES) is reported. Speciation of nickel(II)-rhenium(VII) in Reline DES was studied using UV -Visible spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry of Ni2+-ReO4− in Reline indicates the simultaneous reduction of two metal ions at glassy carbon electrode controlled by non-reversible diffusion process. Chronoamperograms obtained for the reduction of Ni2+-ReO4− suggests nucleation and three-dimensional growth of bimetallic phase on electrode surface followed progressive nucleation. Electrodeposition of nickel—rhenium alloy was carried out on copper substrates under galvanostatic and potentiostatic conditions. Smooth and uniform deposits were obtained by galvanostatic deposition. X-ray diffraction analysis of the deposit confirmed it to be nickel-rhenium alloy (at −1.2 V) in amorphous form which upon annealing at 1000 °C crystallizes into hexagonal phase with concurrent morphology change from spherical particles to irregular polygons.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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