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Comprehensive Analysis of Commercial Sodium-Ion Batteries: Structural and Electrochemical Insights 商用钠离子电池的综合分析:结构和电化学见解
IF 3.9 4区 工程技术 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad7765
Filip Adam Dorau, Alessandro Sommer, Jan Koloch, Richard Röß-Ohlenroth, Markus Schreiber, Maximilian Neuner, Kareem Abo Gamra, Yilei Lin, Jan Schöberl, Philip Bilfinger, Sophie Grabmann, Benedikt Stumper, Leon Katzenmeier, Markus Lienkamp and Rüdiger Daub
Considering the growing need for extensive energy storage solutions in smart grid technologies and affordable options for entry-level electric vehicles, sodium-ion batteries offer a promising alternative. They use raw materials that are cheaper, less toxic, and more abundant than those used in lithium-ion batteries, making them especially suitable for large-scale applications. This study comprehensively investigated four commercially available sodium-ion batteries to examine their structural and electrochemical characteristics. The cells were dissected, and the electrode dimensions, the areal mass loadings, and the material compositions were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Electrical characterization, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, C-rate testing up to 6 C under different ambient temperatures, along with cyclic aging studies, provided insights into the cells’ performance and degradation mechanisms. The findings highlighted variations in electrode coatings, particle sizes, and cathode materials among the cells, which were then correlated with their electrical behavior. This emphasized the challenges in maintaining sodium-ion battery performance, especially at low temperatures. This study was designed to establish a comprehensive knowledge base for both academic and industrial research in sodium-ion battery technology.
考虑到智能电网技术对广泛储能解决方案的需求日益增长,以及入门级电动汽车的经济实惠,钠离子电池提供了一种前景广阔的替代方案。与锂离子电池相比,钠离子电池使用的原材料更便宜、毒性更低、资源更丰富,因此特别适合大规模应用。本研究全面调查了四种市售钠离子电池,以研究其结构和电化学特性。研究人员解剖了电池,并使用扫描电子显微镜、能量色散 X 射线光谱仪、粉末 X 射线衍射仪和衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱仪分析了电极尺寸、平均质量负载和材料成分。电学表征包括电化学阻抗光谱、不同环境温度下高达 6 C 的 C 速率测试以及循环老化研究,这些研究有助于深入了解电池的性能和降解机制。研究结果突显了不同电池在电极涂层、颗粒大小和阴极材料方面的差异,这些差异又与电池的电学行为相关联。这凸显了保持钠离子电池性能的挑战,尤其是在低温条件下。这项研究旨在为钠离子电池技术的学术和工业研究建立一个全面的知识库。
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引用次数: 0
Indole-3-Carbinol Upconversion with Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Supported Graphitic Carbon Nitride: A Sustainable Approach 以氮化石墨碳为支撑的氧化铜纳米颗粒实现吲哚-3-卡比醇的上转换:一种可持续的方法
IF 3.9 4区 工程技术 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad7766
Roopa Margaret Rodrigues and Anitha Varghese
Electro-organic chemistry offers a sustainable and efficient approach to organic synthesis by utilizing electrochemical processes. This field has gained significant attention due to its potential for minimizing waste, reducing energy consumption, and enabling selective transformations. Herein, we report the development of a graphitic carbon nitride-coated carbon fiber electrode modified with electropolymerized amino-2-thiazole and electrodeposited Cu2O nanoparticles from copper nitrate trihydrate for the oxidation of Indole-3-carbinol (IC). Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies were carried out to characterize the developed electrode. Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and bulk electrolysis techniques were employed for the electrochemical studies. The enhanced electrochemical activity of the Cu2O-pAT-GCN-TCFP electrode compared to the individual GCN and polymer electrode was studied using electrochemical characterization, which revealed a 3-fold increase in the current response for Cu2O-pAT-GCN-TCFP (0.0011 A) compared to the bare electrode. The reaction was carried out using an aqueous carbonate buffer solution as an electrolyte via bulk electrolysis at a set potential of 0.82 V. The product obtained was isolated by column chromatography to obtain a yield of 74% and characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. Additionally, the Cu2O-pAT-GCN-TCFP electrode was studied for its stability, reproducibility, and selectivity.
电有机化学利用电化学过程为有机合成提供了一种可持续的高效方法。这一领域因其在减少废物、降低能耗和实现选择性转化方面的潜力而备受关注。在此,我们报告了用电解聚合氨基-2-噻唑修饰的氮化石墨碳涂层碳纤维电极和从三水硝酸铜中电沉积的 Cu2O 纳米粒子的开发情况,该电极用于氧化吲哚-3-甲醇(IC)。对所开发的电极进行了扫描电子显微镜、X 射线衍射分析和 X 射线光电子能谱研究。电化学研究采用了循环伏安法、电化学阻抗光谱法和体液电解技术。通过电化学表征研究发现,与单独的 GCN 和聚合物电极相比,Cu2O-pAT-GCN-TCFP 电极的电化学活性增强了,与裸电极相比,Cu2O-pAT-GCN-TCFP 的电流响应增加了 3 倍(0.0011 A)。反应以碳酸盐缓冲水溶液为电解质,在 0.82 V 的设定电位下通过体电解进行。通过柱层析分离得到的产物收率为 74%,并通过质子核磁共振 (1H NMR) 光谱进行表征。此外,还对 Cu2O-pAT-GCN-TCFP 电极的稳定性、再现性和选择性进行了研究。
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引用次数: 0
3-Methyl-2-oxazolidinone (JEFFSOL® MEOX) as a Substitute Solvent for NMP in Battery Manufacturing 电池生产中 3-甲基-2-噁唑烷酮(JEFFSOL® MEOX)作为 NMP 的替代溶剂
IF 3.9 4区 工程技术 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad77b1
Jean E. Marshall, Victoria White, Ke Zhang, Philip Bellchambers, Jerzy Gazda, Mark Copley, Louis F. J. Piper and Matthew J. Capener
This work presents 3-Methyl-2-oxazolidinone (JEFFSOL® MEOX) as a substitute solvent for N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) in the manufacture of Li-ion batteries. NMP is a good solvent for polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF, a common binder material), and also has a high boiling point (202 °C), allowing for gradual drying of electrode slurries to form homogeneous coatings. However, NMP has a reprotoxic effect and its use is attracting increasing legislative pressure; it would be advantageous to the battery-making industry to find a more benign alternative. Of the few other solvents that will readily dissolve PVDF, examples such as dimethylformamide are also significantly toxic, so further investigation is necessary to find a credible alternative solvent system. We show that JEFFSOL® MEOX (boiling point 225 °C) is capable of dissolving PVDF at accessible temperatures (40 °C–50 °C), and that at a similar ratio of active material:binder:solvent, both JEFFSOL® MEOX and NMP produce electrode slurries with a viscosity of 5–6 Pa.s at 25 °C and at a shear rate of 10 s−1. Cells formed using JEFFSOL® MEOX-made and NMP-made cathode coatings showed comparable electrochemical performance.
本研究提出了 3-甲基-2-噁唑烷酮(JEFFSOL® MEOX)作为 N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)的替代溶剂,用于制造锂离子电池。NMP 是聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF,一种常见的粘合剂材料)的良好溶剂,而且沸点高(202 °C),可使电极浆料逐渐干燥,形成均匀的涂层。然而,NMP 具有再毒性,其使用正面临越来越大的立法压力;如果能找到一种更无害的替代品,将对电池制造行业大有裨益。在其他少数几种可轻易溶解 PVDF 的溶剂中,二甲基甲酰胺等也有剧毒,因此有必要进行进一步调查,以找到可靠的替代溶剂系统。我们的研究表明,JEFFSOL® MEOX(沸点 225 °C)能够在可接受的温度(40 °C-50 °C)下溶解 PVDF,而且在活性材料:粘合剂:溶剂的比例相似的情况下,JEFFSOL® MEOX 和 NMP 在 25 °C、剪切速率为 10 s-1 的条件下产生的电极浆液粘度为 5-6 Pa.s。使用 JEFFSOL® MEOX 和 NMP 阴极涂层形成的电池具有相似的电化学性能。
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引用次数: 0
Rapid Detection of Ultralow H2S Concentration with on-chip Fabrication of SnO2-based Gas Sensors by Direct Electrodeposition from Non-Aqueous Solvents 通过从非水性溶剂中直接电沉积在芯片上制造 SnO2 气体传感器,实现超低 H2S 浓度的快速检测
IF 3.9 4区 工程技术 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad790f
Kiem Do Van, Nguyen Van Hieu, Thomas C-K Yang and Tu Le Manh
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) causes significant impacts on human health and the environment due to its highly toxic properties. Thus, the design and development of gas sensors to detect and monitor H2S (especially at extremely low concentrations) are challenging tasks for scientists. In this work, SnO2 gas sensors were successfully synthesized directly on a chip by Sn electrodeposition from ethylene glycol solutions + a post-treatment (calcination) stage (to form and stabilize SnO2). Mechanisms and kinetics of Sn electrodeposition on Pt microelectrodes were thoroughly studied using electrochemical techniques. These fabricated gas sensors exhibit a high selectivity toward H2S gas and an effective response to low-level concentrations of H2S in the range of 0.1 ppm–1 ppm at different working temperatures. The influence of electrodeposition conditions and calcination temperatures on the gas response of sensors were also examined. The results have verified that the electrodeposition method from ethylene glycol solutions is promising for the fabrication of ultrasensitive on-chip gas sensors.
硫化氢(H2S)具有剧毒特性,会对人类健康和环境造成严重影响。因此,设计和开发用于检测和监测 H2S(尤其是极低浓度的 H2S)的气体传感器对科学家来说是一项具有挑战性的任务。在这项工作中,通过从乙二醇溶液中进行锡电沉积+后处理(煅烧)阶段(形成并稳定二氧化锡),成功地在芯片上直接合成了二氧化锡气体传感器。利用电化学技术对锡在铂微电极上的电沉积机理和动力学进行了深入研究。这些制备的气体传感器对 H2S 气体具有很高的选择性,在不同的工作温度下对 0.1 ppm-1 ppm 范围内的低浓度 H2S 具有有效的响应。研究还考察了电沉积条件和煅烧温度对传感器气体响应的影响。结果证明,从乙二醇溶液中电沉积的方法有望用于制造超灵敏片上气体传感器。
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引用次数: 0
Electrochemical Behaviour of Nickel(II)-Rhenium(VII) And Electrodeposition of Nickel-Rhenium Alloy from Choline Chloride - Urea Deep Eutectic Solvent 镍(II)-铼(VII)的电化学行为以及从氯化胆碱-尿素深共晶溶剂中电沉积镍铼合金
IF 3.9 4区 工程技术 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad77f6
Mani Jayakumar, M. Karthikeyan, G. Murali Krishna and Chrysanthus Andrew
The electrochemical behaviour of nickel(II)-rhenium(VII) and the electrodeposition of nickel-rhenium alloy using choline chloride: 2 Urea deep eutectic solvent (Reline DES) is reported. Speciation of nickel(II)-rhenium(VII) in Reline DES was studied using UV -Visible spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry of Ni2+-ReO4− in Reline indicates the simultaneous reduction of two metal ions at glassy carbon electrode controlled by non-reversible diffusion process. Chronoamperograms obtained for the reduction of Ni2+-ReO4− suggests nucleation and three-dimensional growth of bimetallic phase on electrode surface followed progressive nucleation. Electrodeposition of nickel—rhenium alloy was carried out on copper substrates under galvanostatic and potentiostatic conditions. Smooth and uniform deposits were obtained by galvanostatic deposition. X-ray diffraction analysis of the deposit confirmed it to be nickel-rhenium alloy (at −1.2 V) in amorphous form which upon annealing at 1000 °C crystallizes into hexagonal phase with concurrent morphology change from spherical particles to irregular polygons.
报告了镍(II)-铼(VII)的电化学行为以及使用氯化胆碱:2 尿素深共晶溶剂(Reline DES)电沉积镍铼合金的情况。使用紫外可见光谱法研究了 Reline DES 中镍(II)-铼(VII)的种类。Ni2+-ReO4- 在 Reline 中的循环伏安法表明,两种金属离子在玻璃碳电极上同时还原,并受到非可逆扩散过程的控制。在还原 Ni2+-ReO4- 的过程中获得的计时器图表明,双金属相在电极表面逐渐成核并三维生长。在静电和恒电位条件下,在铜基底上进行了镍铼合金的电沉积。通过静电沉积获得了光滑均匀的沉积物。沉积物的 X 射线衍射分析表明,沉积物是无定形的镍铼合金(电压为 -1.2 V),在 1000 °C 退火后结晶成六方相,同时形态从球形颗粒变为不规则多边形。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of Post-Annealing Temperature of RF Magnetron-Sputtered ZnO Thin Films for Enhancing Performances of UV Photodetectors 优化射频磁控溅射氧化锌薄膜的退火后温度以提高紫外线光电探测器的性能
IF 3.9 4区 工程技术 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad7983
Xueyuan Wei, Yao Liu and Lesi Wei
In this study, we examined the surface morphology and crystal structure of RF-sputtered ZnO thin films that were annealed at various temperatures. Also, we fabricated UV photodetectors with an Au-ZnO-ITO sandwich structure, utilizing the thin films annealed at 600 °C. The surface roughness of the film initially increases and then decreases as the annealing temperature rises, and the crystalline quality improves with an increase in the annealing temperature. Due to the Schottky heterojunction formed by the Au-semi contact, the fabricated UV photodetector exhibits a responsivity of 7.91 mA W−1 under 405 nm UV light. And the device demonstrates high response stability and rapid response sensitivity, with a swift rise time of 80 ms at a light intensity of 2.56 mW cm−2.
在这项研究中,我们考察了在不同温度下退火的射频溅射氧化锌薄膜的表面形貌和晶体结构。此外,我们还利用在 600 °C 下退火的薄膜制造了具有金-氧化锌-氧化钛夹层结构的紫外光检测器。随着退火温度的升高,薄膜的表面粗糙度先增大后减小,晶体质量也随着退火温度的升高而提高。由于金-半接触形成了肖特基异质结,因此所制备的紫外光探测器在 405 纳米紫外光下的响应率为 7.91 mA W-1。该器件具有高响应稳定性和快速响应灵敏度,在光强为 2.56 mW cm-2 时,快速上升时间为 80 ms。
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引用次数: 0
Chemical Oxidation-Induced Degradation in Gas Diffusion Layers for PEFC: Mechanisms and Performance Implications PEFC 气体扩散层中的化学氧化诱导降解:机理和性能影响
IF 3.9 4区 工程技术 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad790a
J. M. Edjokola, M. Heidinger, A. M. Niroumand, V. Hacker and M. Bodner
Gas Diffusion Layers (GDLs) are integral in polymer electrolyte fuel cells, facilitating gas and water transport while providing structural support. However, their susceptibility to chemical degradation significantly impacts their functionality over extensive periods of time. This study investigates the mechanisms of GDL degradation, focusing on chemical oxidation. Accelerated stress testing, which involves immersing GDL in Fenton’s reagent for 24 h, is used. Ex-situ analysis reveals changes in surface properties, including a 3% reduction in contact angle, from 15% to only 9% remaining fluorine on the surface, and OH group presence in GDLs exposed to Fenton’s reagent. In-situ methods are used to study the impact of GDL degradation on fuel cell performance. Polarization curve reveals a 17% performance enhancement in aged GDLs, with a corresponding 19% decrease in voltage loss due to oxygen transport resistance at a high current observed via transient limiting current analysis. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals a 51% reduction in mass transport resistance, providing insights into structural alterations, such as pore widening and increased hydrophilicity. Despite these improvements, aged GDL demonstrates substantial degradation under high humidity, leading to water management challenges and voltage instability. This is attributed to the loss of fluorine, as indicated by the ex situ analysis.
气体扩散层(GDL)是聚合物电解质燃料电池不可或缺的组成部分,在提供结构支撑的同时,还能促进气体和水的传输。然而,GDL 易受化学降解影响,长期使用会严重影响其功能。本研究调查了 GDL 降解的机理,重点是化学氧化。研究采用了加速应力测试方法,即将 GDL 浸入 Fenton 试剂中 24 小时。原位分析揭示了表面特性的变化,包括接触角降低了 3%,表面残留的氟从 15% 降至仅剩 9%,以及暴露在芬顿试剂中的 GDL 中羟基的存在。采用原位方法研究了 GDL 降解对燃料电池性能的影响。极化曲线显示,老化的 GDL 性能提高了 17%,而通过瞬态极限电流分析观察到的大电流下氧传输电阻导致的电压损失相应减少了 19%。电化学阻抗谱分析显示,质量传输电阻降低了 51%,从而揭示了结构的变化,如孔隙变宽和亲水性增加。尽管有了这些改进,但老化的 GDL 在高湿度条件下仍会出现大幅降解,导致水管理难题和电压不稳。正如原位分析所显示的那样,这归因于氟的损失。
{"title":"Chemical Oxidation-Induced Degradation in Gas Diffusion Layers for PEFC: Mechanisms and Performance Implications","authors":"J. M. Edjokola, M. Heidinger, A. M. Niroumand, V. Hacker and M. Bodner","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad790a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad790a","url":null,"abstract":"Gas Diffusion Layers (GDLs) are integral in polymer electrolyte fuel cells, facilitating gas and water transport while providing structural support. However, their susceptibility to chemical degradation significantly impacts their functionality over extensive periods of time. This study investigates the mechanisms of GDL degradation, focusing on chemical oxidation. Accelerated stress testing, which involves immersing GDL in Fenton’s reagent for 24 h, is used. Ex-situ analysis reveals changes in surface properties, including a 3% reduction in contact angle, from 15% to only 9% remaining fluorine on the surface, and OH group presence in GDLs exposed to Fenton’s reagent. In-situ methods are used to study the impact of GDL degradation on fuel cell performance. Polarization curve reveals a 17% performance enhancement in aged GDLs, with a corresponding 19% decrease in voltage loss due to oxygen transport resistance at a high current observed via transient limiting current analysis. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals a 51% reduction in mass transport resistance, providing insights into structural alterations, such as pore widening and increased hydrophilicity. Despite these improvements, aged GDL demonstrates substantial degradation under high humidity, leading to water management challenges and voltage instability. This is attributed to the loss of fluorine, as indicated by the ex situ analysis.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rotating Disk Electrode Study of Sm(III)/Sm(II) in LiCl-KCl Eutectic Molten Salt 锂盐-氯化钾共晶熔盐中 Sm(III)/Sm(II) 的转盘电极研究
IF 3.9 4区 工程技术 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad77f5
Wonseok Yang, Suhee Choi, Tae-Hong Park, Sungyeol Choi and Sang-Eun Bae
Understanding the redox reactions of fission products in molten salts is crucial for developing pyroprocessing techniques for used nuclear fuel. A rotating disk electrode is useful for investigating the electrochemical reactions with controlled mass transfer conditions, but its application has been limited in high-temperature corrosive molten salts. This study employs a tungsten (W) rotating disk electrode (RDE) to measure the electrochemical and kinetic properties of the Sm(III)/Sm(II) redox reaction in a LiCl-KCl eutectic molten salt. The properties of the Sm(III)/Sm(II) redox reaction, including diffusion coefficients, exchange current densities, charge transfer coefficients, activation energies, and Tafel slopes, were determined over a temperature range of 723–803 K using limiting currents in linear sweep voltammetry at various rotating speeds and mass transfer-corrected Tafel plots. The kinetic parameters obtained using the rotating disk electrode system can be useful for optimizing the design of pyroprocessing techniques.
了解熔盐中裂变产物的氧化还原反应对于开发废旧核燃料热处理技术至关重要。旋转盘电极可用于研究受控传质条件下的电化学反应,但其在高温腐蚀性熔盐中的应用一直受到限制。本研究采用钨(W)旋转盘电极(RDE)测量锂-氯化钾共晶熔盐中 Sm(III)/Sm(II) 氧化还原反应的电化学和动力学特性。在 723-803 K 的温度范围内,利用线性扫描伏安法在不同转速下的极限电流和传质校正塔菲尔图,测定了 Sm(III)/Sm(II) 氧化还原反应的特性,包括扩散系数、交换电流密度、电荷转移系数、活化能和塔菲尔斜率。使用旋转盘电极系统获得的动力学参数有助于优化热处理技术的设计。
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引用次数: 0
Localized Surface Modification during Alternating Current Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: Origin and Mechanism 交流电扫描电化学显微镜下的局部表面改性:起源与机理
IF 3.9 4区 工程技术 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad7890
Ankita Pal, Nanda Gopala Krishna, Ravi Shankar A. and John Philip
In the current study, we report for the first time the observation of unintended localized surface modification on commercially pure aluminum (Al) during an alternating current scanning electrochemical microscopy (AC-SECM) analysis, its origin, and the probable mechanism responsible for it. Application of an AC perturbation potential (∼100 mV amplitude at ∼100 kHz frequency) to the Platinum ultramicroelectrode (Pt UME), during AC-SECM in acidic, neutral chloride, tap water, and alkaline electrolytes was found to cause surface modification on the scanned region of Al. An increase in the local pH of the electrolyte between the UME and the Al substrate, irrespective of the electrolyte pH (3–11) and UME biasing conditions, led to the local surface modification. The reason for the enhancement of local pH is attributed to the occurrence of higher rates of cathodic reduction reactions than that of anodic oxidation reactions. The reduction of dissolved oxygen/protons/water in the electrolytes led to the generation or consumption of OH−/H+ ions, respectively, and thus increased the pH, whereas the oxidation of Pt UME/Al surfaces decreased the pH with the generation of H+ or consumption of OH− ions. These results contribute significantly to accurately analyzing Al and its alloys using the AC-SECM technique.
在本研究中,我们首次报告了在交变电流扫描电化学显微镜(AC-SECM)分析过程中观察到的商用纯铝(Al)非预期局部表面改性、其起源以及可能的机理。在酸性、中性氯化物、自来水和碱性电解质中进行交流扫描电化学显微镜分析时,在铂超微电极(Pt UME)上施加交流扰动电位(振幅∼100 mV,频率∼100 kHz)可导致铝扫描区域的表面改性。无论电解质的 pH 值(3-11)和 UME 的偏压条件如何,UME 和铝基底之间电解质的局部 pH 值升高都会导致局部表面改性。局部 pH 值提高的原因是阴极还原反应的速率高于阳极氧化反应的速率。电解质中溶解氧/质子/水的还原分别导致 OH-/H+ 离子的产生或消耗,从而提高了 pH 值,而铂 UME/Al 表面的氧化则随着 H+ 离子的产生或 OH- 离子的消耗降低了 pH 值。这些结果大大有助于利用 AC-SECM 技术准确分析铝及其合金。
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引用次数: 0
Spatially Resolved Assessment and Analysis of Al-Zn, Mg, and Mg/Al-Zn Metal-Rich Primers Applied to AA 7075-T651 in Full Immersion 应用于 AA 7075-T651 全浸式铝锌、镁和镁/铝锌富金属底漆的空间分辨评估与分析
IF 3.9 4区 工程技术 Q2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad7535
A. Korjenic, E. Romanovskaia and J. R. Scully
The scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) was utilized to monitor localized corrosion and substrate protection of three metal-rich primers (MRP). The ability to suppress localized corrosion and provide widespread cathodic polarization to enable sacrificial anode-based cathodic protection of a AA 7075-T651 substrate with either an aluminum-rich primer (AlRP), magnesium-rich primer (MgRP), or a composite magnesium + aluminum-rich primer (MgAlRP) in a polyamide-based epoxy primer coatings fully immersed in 1 mM NaCl was investigated. Pigments did not activate uniformly in each MRP. The notion of throwing power polarizing the bare substrate and uniform current and potential distributions at scratch sites does not describe the behavior observed. In cases where activation occurred, protection was noticed in the form of suppression of local anodes on bare AA 7075-T651. Local corrosion was suppressed on heterogeneously corroding AA 7075-T651 with strong local anodes and cathodes. Widespread cathodic polarization was absent. The MgRP and MgAlRP were shown to provide superior local corrosion suppression associated with pitting on AA 7075-T651 compared to the AlRP.
利用扫描振动电极技术(SVET)监测了三种富金属底漆(MRP)的局部腐蚀和基底保护情况。研究了在完全浸入 1 mM NaCl 的聚酰胺基环氧底漆涂层中使用富铝底漆 (AlRP)、富镁底漆 (MgRP) 或复合富镁 + 铝底漆 (MgAlRP) 对 AA 7075-T651 基材进行抑制局部腐蚀和提供广泛阴极极化以实现牺牲阳极阴极保护的能力。颜料在每种 MRP 中的活化程度并不一致。投掷功率极化裸基材以及划痕处电流和电位分布均匀的概念并不能描述所观察到的行为。在发生活化的情况下,裸 AA 7075-T651 上的局部阳极受到抑制,从而起到保护作用。在具有强局部阳极和阴极的异质腐蚀 AA 7075-T651 上,局部腐蚀被抑制。不存在广泛的阴极极化现象。与 AlRP 相比,MgRP 和 MgAlRP 能更好地抑制 AA 7075-T651 上与点蚀相关的局部腐蚀。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of The Electrochemical Society
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