Identification and Detection of Adulterated Butter by Colorimetry and Near-IR-Spectroscopy

IF 0.8 4区 化学 Q4 SPECTROSCOPY Journal of Applied Spectroscopy Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI:10.1007/s10812-024-01790-0
V. G. Amelin, O. E. Emelyanov, A. V. Tretyakov, L. K. Kish
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Abstract

A rapid and simple method for identification of oil and fatty products of plant origin by their own fluorescence and diffuse reflection of IR radiation using colorimetry and near-IR spectroscopy is proposed. Analytical signals were recorded using 3D-printed devices with built-in UV and IR LED matrices (390 and 850 nm) and a smartphone with the PhotoMetrix PRO® application installed and FTIR spectroscopy in the near-IR region (10,000–4000 cm–1) with the NIRA attachment used for the analysis of solids. Diffuse reflectance spectra were processed using the TQ Analyst and The Unscrambler X applications. The studied objects were identified and differentiated using chemometric algorithms, i.e., principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The mass fraction of fat in the declared products was determined using univariate and multivariate (PLS algorithm) analyses. Adulterated butter was located separately from natural products on the PCA and HCA graphs. They did not intersect with each other on the dendrogram. Samples of butter with different milk fat mass fractions (61.5, 72.5, 82.5, and 99.0%) were used to construct a calibration relationship and determine the milk fat concentration using the PLS method and univariate analysis. The calibration error (RMSEC) were ≤1.31%; the predictive properties (RMSEP), ≤4.45%. The methods under consideration were tested with samples of butter and vegetable oil products from various manufacturers. The RMSEP values for dairy products was ≤4.97%; for margarine, >10% using multivariate analysis. The relative deviation of the results from the mass fractions of fat indicated on the packaging was ≤4.8% when using univariate analysis. This parameter for margarine was in the range 96.3–96.5%. The results correlated with those of FTIR spectroscopy.

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用比色法和近红外光谱鉴定和检测掺假黄油
本文提出了一种利用比色法和近红外光谱仪,通过植物油和脂肪产品自身的荧光和红外辐射漫反射,对其进行鉴定的快速而简单的方法。使用内置紫外线和红外线 LED 矩阵(390 纳米和 850 纳米)的 3D 打印设备和安装了 PhotoMetrix PRO® 应用程序的智能手机记录分析信号,并使用近红外附件在近红外区域(10,000-4000 厘米-1)进行傅立叶变换红外光谱分析,用于分析固体。使用 TQ Analyst 和 The Unscrambler X 应用程序处理漫反射光谱。使用化学计量学算法,即主成分分析(PCA)和分层聚类分析(HCA),对研究对象进行识别和区分。利用单变量和多变量(PLS 算法)分析确定了申报产品中脂肪的质量分数。在 PCA 和 HCA 图上,掺假黄油与天然产品被分开定位。它们在树枝图上没有交集。不同乳脂质量分数(61.5%、72.5%、82.5% 和 99.0%)的黄油样品被用来构建校准关系,并使用 PLS 方法和单变量分析确定乳脂浓度。校准误差(RMSEC)≤1.31%;预测性能(RMSEP)≤4.45%。使用不同制造商生产的黄油和植物油产品样本对所考虑的方法进行了测试。通过多元分析,乳制品的 RMSEP 值≤4.97%;人造奶油的 RMSEP 值为 10%。采用单变量分析时,结果与包装上标明的脂肪质量分数的相对偏差≤4.8%。人造奶油的这一参数范围为 96.3-96.5%。这些结果与傅立叶变换红外光谱分析的结果相关。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
14.30%
发文量
145
审稿时长
2.5 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Applied Spectroscopy reports on many key applications of spectroscopy in chemistry, physics, metallurgy, and biology. An increasing number of papers focus on the theory of lasers, as well as the tremendous potential for the practical applications of lasers in numerous fields and industries.
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