The Impact of Silver Nanoparticles’ Size on Biofilm Eradication

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE International dental journal Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI:10.1016/j.identj.2024.08.007

Ghazal Fakeeha , Sarah AlHarbi , Sayed Auda , Hanan Balto

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Abstract

Introduction

Efficient intracanal disinfection is required for a successful regenerative endodontic treatment. Thus, this study aimed to identify the silver nanoparticles’ (NPs) size (AgNPs) with the highest antibiofilm efficacy when mixed with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)₂] to eradicate an in vitro endodontic biofilm.

Methods

The various sizes of AgNPs and mixtures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. A total of 168 dentin root segments were prepared, sterilized, and inoculated for 3 weeks with Actinomyces naeslundii and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Samples were randomly allocated to 4 experimental groups (n = 28/group): 2 nm AgNPs + 35% Ca(OH)₂, 5 nm AgNPs + 35% Ca(OH)₂, 10 nm AgNPs + 35% Ca(OH)₂, and 35% Ca(OH)₂ alone. Samples exposed to saline and triple antibiotic paste (TAP) acted as negative and positive control groups, respectively. After 1 and 2 weeks, samples were stained with LIVE/DEAD BacLight dye and examined under a confocal laser scanning microscope to determine the proportion of dead bacteria.

Results

The characterization procedure revealed a spherical NP's structure with minor aggregations. Except for Ca(OH)₂ group, all groups had significantly higher antibiofilm efficacy at 2 weeks. Both the 10 nm mixture (99.5%) and TAP (99.2%) exhibited the highest antibiofilm efficacy at 2 weeks and were not significantly different from one another (P > .05). No significant difference was noted between the 2 and 5 nm mixtures at 1 week (81% and 84%) and 2 weeks (89% and 91%).

Conclusion

The 10 nm AgNPs (0.02%) + 35% Ca(OH)₂ mixture exhibited the highest antibiofilm efficacy at 2 weeks compared to all other mixtures at both observation periods. Interestingly, the 10 nm mixture performed similarly to TAP at 2 weeks. Excluding Ca(OH)₂ group, longer application significantly improved the antibiofilm efficacy of all tested medicaments.

Clinical Relevance

The 10 nm AgNPs + 35% Ca(OH)₂ mixture revealed promising results as an intracanal medicament in the regenerative endodontic treatment protocol.

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纳米银粒子的大小对生物膜消除的影响

引言成功的再生牙髓治疗需要高效的根管内消毒。因此，本研究旨在确定与氢氧化钙[Ca(OH)2]混合时具有最高抗生物膜功效的银纳米粒子（AgNPs），以根除体外牙髓生物膜。共制备了 168 个牙本质根段，消毒后接种奈氏放线菌和核酸镰刀菌 3 周。样本被随机分配到 4 个实验组（n = 28/组）：2 nm AgNPs + 35% Ca(OH)2、5 nm AgNPs + 35% Ca(OH)2、10 nm AgNPs + 35% Ca(OH)2和单独使用 35% Ca(OH)2。暴露于生理盐水和三联抗生素糊剂（TAP）的样品分别作为阴性和阳性对照组。1 周和 2 周后，用 LIVE/DEAD BacLight 染料对样品进行染色，并在共聚焦激光扫描显微镜下进行检查，以确定死亡细菌的比例。除 Ca（OH）2 组外，其他各组在 2 周后的抗生物膜功效都明显提高。10 nm 混合物（99.5%）和 TAP（99.2%）在 2 周后的抗生物膜功效最高，且无明显差异（P > .05）。结论 10 nm AgNPs (0.02%) + 35% Ca(OH)2 混合物与所有其他混合物相比，在两个观察期内，2 nm 和 5 nm 混合物在 2 周时的抗生物膜功效最高。有趣的是，10 纳米混合物在 2 周时的表现与 TAP 相似。除 Ca(OH)2 组外，使用时间的延长明显提高了所有测试药物的抗生物膜功效。临床应用10 nm AgNPs + 35% Ca(OH)2 混合物作为牙髓再生治疗方案中的一种根管内药物，显示出良好的效果。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International dental journal 医学-牙科与口腔外科

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

6.10%

发文量

159

审稿时长

63 days

期刊介绍： The International Dental Journal features peer-reviewed, scientific articles relevant to international oral health issues, as well as practical, informative articles aimed at clinicians.